Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: New Molecular Perspectives

Gürel, Çevik; Inetas, Gizem; Hortu, İsmet; Tunç, Elif; Kuşçu, Gökçe Ceren; Dindaroğlu, Funda Çağırır; Şahin, Onur; Buhur, Aylin; Öktem, Gülperi

doi:10.1615/critrevoncog.2019029628

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, the CSC concept of cancer proposes that CSCs contribute to carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence [65,66]. CSCs divide asymmetrically into non-tumorigenic cancer cells, which form the bulk of a tumor, and identical highly tumorigenic but less abundant CSCs, which sit at the apex of the cellular hierarchy [67].…”

Section: Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Renin–Angiotensin System in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma

O'Rawe

Kilmister

Mantamadiotis

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite intensive research over the past 50 years, little advance has been made to improve the poor outcome, with an overall median survival of 14.6 months following standard treatment. Local recurrence is inevitable due to the quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) in GB that co-express stemness-associated markers and components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). The dynamic and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in tumor development, progression, invasiveness, and therapy resistance. There is increasing evidence showing the critical role of the RAS in the TME influencing CSCs via its upstream and downstream pathways. Drugs that alter the hallmarks of cancer by modulating the RAS present a potential new therapeutic alternative or adjunct to conventional treatment of GB. Cerebral and GB organoids may offer a cost-effective method for evaluating the efficacy of RAS-modulating drugs on GB. We review the nexus between the GB TME, CSC niche, and the RAS, and propose re-purposed RAS-modulating drugs as a potential therapeutic alternative or adjunct to current standard therapy for GB.

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Section: Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Renin–Angiotensin System in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma

O'Rawe

Kilmister

Mantamadiotis

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that CSCs play important roles in cancer initiation, growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and recurrence, and contribute to resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 Thus, elimination of CSCs may reverse the resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, improve the prognosis and yield long‐lasting responses in cancer patients. 10 , 11 , 12 Colorectal CSCs have been therefore considered as a promising therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

siRNA‐induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer stem cells through inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Zou

Zhang

Bai³

et al. 2022

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small and elusive population of undifferentiated cancer cells that are characterized by self-renewal capability, clonogenic growth and long-term repopulation potential. 1 This subpopulation of tumor cells has been identified in multiple types of cancers, 2 including colorectal cancer, 3 one of the most common malignancies with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. 4

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“…The high mutation rate increases the probability of cell clones being formed that are adapted to the selection pressures of a given tumor site. 3 However, the CSC model proposes CSCs as the origin of cancer and the driver of treatment resistance, 4 cancer metastasis, and recurrence. 5 CSCs divide asymmetrically giving rise to non-tumorigenic cancer cells which form the bulk of the tumor, and identical highly tumorigenic CSCs that sit atop the cellular hierarchy in an undifferentiated state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Renin–Angiotensin System in the Cancer Stem Cell Niche

Kilmister

Tan

2021

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive metastasis, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence. CSCs reside within a niche, an anatomically distinct site within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that consists of malignant and non-malignant cells, including immune cells. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), a critical regulator of stem cells and key developmental processes, plays a vital role in the TME. Non-malignant cells within the CSC niche and stem cell signaling pathways such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways influence CSCs. Components of the RAS and cathepsins B and D that constitute bypass loops of the RAS are expressed on CSCs in many cancer types. There is extensive in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that RAS inhibition reduces tumor growth, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, there is inconsistent epidemiological data on the effect of RAS inhibitors on cancer incidence and survival outcomes, attributed to different patient characteristics and methodologies used between studies. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to investigate the precise effects of the RAS on CSCs directly and/or the CSC niche. Targeting the RAS, its bypass loops, and convergent signaling pathways participating in the TME and other key stem cell pathways that regulate CSCs may be a novel approach to cancer treatment:

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Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: New Molecular Perspectives

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The Renin–Angiotensin System in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma

The Renin–Angiotensin System in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma

siRNA‐induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer stem cells through inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transition

The Role of the Renin–Angiotensin System in the Cancer Stem Cell Niche

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