2004
DOI: 10.1038/nrc1300
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Cancer as a robust system: implications for anticancer therapy

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Cited by 400 publications
(324 citation statements)
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References 105 publications
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“…Integration of experimental data such as those presented in this paper with genome-wide approaches able to give metabolite and flux profiling in mammalian cells (Hellerstein and Murphy, 2004) as well as computational approaches able to mine literature data and to aid in the definition of regulatory networks will eventually lead to a systemlevel understanding of the links among K-Ras-induced transformation, carbon and energy metabolism, cell cycle and cell death. As it has recently pointed out (Alberghina et al, 2004;Kitano, 2004), such a knowledge appears a prerequisite for highlighting novel fragility points of cancer cells that could conveniently be used for the development of novel anticancer drugs and drug regimens.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Integration of experimental data such as those presented in this paper with genome-wide approaches able to give metabolite and flux profiling in mammalian cells (Hellerstein and Murphy, 2004) as well as computational approaches able to mine literature data and to aid in the definition of regulatory networks will eventually lead to a systemlevel understanding of the links among K-Ras-induced transformation, carbon and energy metabolism, cell cycle and cell death. As it has recently pointed out (Alberghina et al, 2004;Kitano, 2004), such a knowledge appears a prerequisite for highlighting novel fragility points of cancer cells that could conveniently be used for the development of novel anticancer drugs and drug regimens.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Often robustness is not an accidentally present, passive happening, but an evolved ability where the organismal system actively responds to disturbances, so as during embryonic development to permit the reliable generation of the adult phenotype in the face of perturbations to development, and subsequently to maintain functioning and an adaptive phenotype in a changing environment. To be sure, also tumor tissues can acquire robustness so as to not to respond to cancer therapies, making the study of robustness medically relevant (Kitano, 2004b). There is also robustness to genetic modifications.…”
Section: Robustness a Distributed Functional Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Studies on (changes in) gene regulatory networks are germane to evolutionary biology (Davidson, 2006;Davidson & Erwin, 2006;Linksvayer et al, 2012;O'Malley & Soyer, 2012). Of course, research on the workings of biological systems also has medical applications in view, most notably in the context of cancer biology (Faratian et al, 2009;Kitano, 2004b;Patel & Nagl, 2010;Wang, 2010), and such broader technological applications as synthetic biology (Fu & Panke, 2009).…”
Section: Systems Biologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although preclinical and clinical findings support the use of the CIGB-300 peptide as a monotherapy, it is widely accepted that the combination of drugs in the field of oncology are more likely to cope with tumor complexity compared to single-agent treatment (22). Such a view is sustained by decades of clinical practice and by cumulative knowledge on tumor biology (26). Drug combination therapies are commonly used in order to increase therapeutic efficacy, reduce toxicity and decrease the incidence of drug resistance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 90%