Cancer-Associated Immune Deficiency: A Form of Accelerated Immunosenescence?

Chang, Chia‐Ming; Wu, Chien‐Liang; Lu, Yen‐Ta

doi:10.5772/24367

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The main lymphocyte type in cell-mediated immunity and a key player in the immune responses linked to tumors is the CD8 + T lymphocyte [ 23 ]. Peripheral blood CD8 + T lymphocytes have various benefits over tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) cells, including minimal invasiveness, high homogeneity, simple operation, easy access, and dynamic monitoring [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Blood CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Immune Response in Benign and Subpopulations of Breast Cancer Patients

Lenárt,

Bober,

Marcin

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes play a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity and tumor-related immune responses in breast cancer. In this study, label-free quantification analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of benign patients and patients with different breast cancer (BC) subtypes, i.e., luminal A, luminal B, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), were performed using nano-UHPLC and Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Differential protein expression in CD8+ T lymphocytes revealed significant downregulation (log2 FC ≥ 0.38 or ≤−0.38, adj. p < 0.05), particularly in proteins involved in cytotoxicity, cytolysis, and proteolysis, such as granzymes (GZMs) and perforin 1 (PRF1). This downregulation was observed in the benign group (GZMH, GZMM, and PRF1) and luminal B (GZMA, GZMH) subtypes, whereas granzyme K (GZMK) was upregulated in TNBC in comparison to healthy controls. The RNA degradation pathway was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05, normalized enrichment score (NES) from −1.47 to −1.80) across all BC subtypes, suggesting a potential mechanism for regulating gene expression during T cell activation. Also, the Sm-like proteins (LSM2, LSM3, and LSM5) were significantly downregulated in the RNA degradation pathway. Proteomic analysis of CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood across different breast cancer subtypes provides a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms of the systemic immune response that can significantly contribute to advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Blood CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Immune Response in Benign and Subpopulations of Breast Cancer Patients

Lenárt,

Bober,

Marcin

et al. 2024

IJMS

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show abstract

“… 2 In addition, tumor cells may cause local or systemic immune deficiency. 3 Immune deficiency in cancer patients is well documented, as indicated by a lower percentage of CD4 + T cells, dysfunction of dendritic cells, and higher levels of immunosuppressive factors (such as transforming growth factor [TGF]-β). 4 Therefore, immunotherapy has been advocated as a promising cancer treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzheng Qingjie Granules Inhibit Growth of Hepatoma Cells via Inducing Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis and Enhancing Immune Function

et al. 2016

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Fuzheng Qingjie (FZQJ) granules, a compound Chinese medicine, have been used as an adjuvant therapy for alimentary tract cancers. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms are still not well understood. In the present study, HepG2 cells were treated with FZQJ-containing serum. Cell proliferation was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed using a flow cytometer. Cell ultrastructure was observed under a transmission electron microscope. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) was examined with JC-1 dye. In H22 tumor–bearing mice, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD3+ T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood were evaluated cytometrically. Interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured using radioimmunoassay.The mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, caspase 3 and 9, PARP, and CD69 were examined by Western blotting. The apoptotic cells in tissues were observed using TUNEL method. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CRE) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The results showed that FZQJ-containing serum remarkably inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners, induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and caused a decrease of Δψ. Analysis of tumor tissue showed that FZQJ-induced apoptosis was accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and cleavage of PARP. In addition, FZQJ increased the percentages of CD4+ T and NK cells, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells as well as the levels of serum TNF-α. FZQJ also increased CD69 expression in tumor tissue. No hepatorenal toxicity was observed in H22 tumor–bearing mice. These results indicated that FZQJ could inhibit the growth of hepatoma cells via regulating immune function and inducing mitochondria mediated apoptosis.

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“…These immune responses are predominantly mediated by the cell-mediated immunity. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are the main types of lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity and play a central role in the induction of efficient immune responses against tumors [ 8 ]. CD8+ T cells can recognize tumor antigens bound to class I MHC molecules on the tumor cells and directly kill them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Tumor Tissues, Lymph Nodes and the Peripheral Blood from Patients with Breast Cancer

Riazi-Rad

Ajdary

Omranipour

et al. 1996

Iranian Biomedical Journal (IBJ); ISSN 1028-852x

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Cancer-Associated Immune Deficiency: A Form of Accelerated Immunosenescence?

Cited by 5 publications

References 67 publications

Peripheral Blood CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Immune Response in Benign and Subpopulations of Breast Cancer Patients

Peripheral Blood CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Immune Response in Benign and Subpopulations of Breast Cancer Patients

Fuzheng Qingjie Granules Inhibit Growth of Hepatoma Cells via Inducing Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis and Enhancing Immune Function

Comparative Analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Tumor Tissues, Lymph Nodes and the Peripheral Blood from Patients with Breast Cancer

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