Cancer at ages 15–29 years: The contrasting incidence in India and England

Arora, Ramandeep Singh; Alston, Richard; Eden, Tim; Moran, Anthony; Geraci, Marco; O’Hara, Catherine; Birch, Jillian M

doi:10.1002/pbc.22738

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, among the young male population there was no apparent latitude trend in melanoma incidence (2Á7%, P = 0Á41), despite the significant negative trend overall in this age group (À5Á8%, P = 0Á002; not shown). In men aged over 30 years, melanoma incidence significantly increased with more southerly latitudes: by 10Á0% per latitude rank for [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] year olds, by 20Á2% in those aged 50-69 years and by 23Á8% in 70-89 years olds (all P < 0Á0001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While lack of access to sunny holidays cannot explain this observation, London's highly urban environment perhaps affords its residents less opportunity for exposure to ambient sunlight than those of neighbouring southern regions. Notwithstanding their uneven geographical distribution, the overall proportion of nonwhites in the total population of England is small, 34 and this inference method has been used previously. A further possible explanation is the low registration rate of melanomas in the Thames Registry, possibly as a result of greater use in London of private healthcare facilities where cancer data may not be readily available to registration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional melanoma incidence in England, 1996-2006: reversal of north-south latitude trends among the young female population

et al. 2013

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Background Melanoma incidence often shows an increasing latitudinal gradient from north to south among white European populations. Objectives To assess emerging regional melanoma incidence patterns in England. Methods All primary invasive cutaneous melanomas diagnosed in England in people aged 10-89 years, in 1996-2006, were ascertained. Age-standardized incidence rates by sex, age and Government Office Region were calculated for the entire population and for the white population only. Rates according to socioeconomic deprivation were further calculated among those aged under 30 years. Regional heterogeneity and latitude and deprivation trends were assessed by Poisson regression and tests for trend. Results Overall, melanoma incidence in England was highest in the South West (overall, 18Á75; white, 19Á03 per 100 000) and lowest in London (overall, 8Á85; white, 11Á22 per 100 000). Incidence significantly increased with more southerly latitudes in all white adults aged over 30 years (P < 0Á0001), except women aged 30-49 years (1Á8%, P = 0Á10). However, these north-south latitude trends were reversed in white 10-29 year olds, with sex-specific analyses showing an absence of trend in male subjects (2Á7%, P = 0Á41) and a strong decreasing trend (À9Á8%, P < 0Á0001) in female subjects. The highest rates in the young female population occurred in the North West (5Á46 per 100 000), and specifically in the second most deprived (5Á69 per 100 000) and the second most affluent (6Á48 per 100 000) groups. Conclusions Melanoma incidence is high in young people in northern England, including among the moderately deprived, reversing the expected north-south incidence gradients. Prevalent sunbed use in northern England and holiday sun exposure abroad may explain these emerging trends.What's already known about this topic?• Increasing trends in melanoma incidence from north to south have been noted in England and other northern countries.• Melanoma predominantly affects white, affluent populations; however, neither ethnic groups nor socioeconomic status are uniformly distributed across England. What does this study add?• This study describes a striking reversal in the well-established north-south latitude trend in melanoma incidence among young women in England.• Incidence was high among young people in northern regions, and particularly among moderately deprived female subjects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional melanoma incidence in England, 1996-2006: reversal of north-south latitude trends among the young female population

et al. 2013

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“…Data suggest more favorable incidence trends in some countries while in others the incidence of CM is still rising [14][15][16][17][18][19] . Recent evidence suggests that the current rising trend in incidence of CM is due to improved surveillance techniques and early diagnosis, together with changes in lifestyle in terms of excessive recreational exposure to sunlight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant melanoma in the Czech Republic: Incidence and mortality according to sex, age and disease stage

Vranová¹,

Arenbergerová²,

Arenberger³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Background. The Czech Republic has reported one of the highest incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in Europe and the rate continues to rise. Our study undertook a detailed investigation of the incidence and mortality of melanoma relative to sex, age and disease stage. The main goals were to elucidate the causes of the rising trends and explain the differences in development relative to sex, age and disease stage. Methods and Results. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) using the Joinpoint Regression Model was calculated separately for men and women for all age categories and for all T stages of TNM classification. The EAPC for women was slightly higher than for men. This was only found in melanomas thinner than 1 mm (T1). For all other stages (T2, T3 and T4) the situation was worse in men. A higher incidence rate of CM and the higher value of EAPC were found for women in younger age categories (up to 49 years). In the next age category, from 50 to 59 years, the incidence of CM was comparable in both sexes as well as the EAPC. In the older age categories, i.e. 60 years and older, a significant increase was found predominantly in men. The mortality rates were only comparable between men and women in the 20 to 29 year age group. In all other categories there was a higher mortality for men. Conclusions. The number of melanoma cases in the Czech Republic is increasing faster than any other cancer. Despite improved survival rates, the death rate from CM continues to climb as a result of exponential increases in incidence. Thus primary and secondary prevention campaigns are essential for future reductions in CM incidence and mortality in the Czech Republic.

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“…It is found that gastric cancer is much more common among people at ages of 15-29 years in Europe compared to those of the same age group in developing countries. It has been associated with nutrition and specially with high consumption of salt (Arora et al, 2010;Kono and Hirohata, 1996;Hirohata and Kono, 1997). Accumulated genetic or epigenetic alterations in a wide range of genes that control cell division, cell differentiation and cell death are the main cause of cancer (Sandberg, 1991;Parkin et al, 2001;Kono & Hirohata, 1996;Hirohata & Kono, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Chromosome Fragility in Gastric Cancer Patients

Kouridakis

Digkas

Kouklakis

et al. 2012

CCO

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Gastric cancer is one of the most common lethal malignancy in global and survival mainly depends on prognosis. Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs) assay is a very sensitive method of detecting chromosome fragility. The aim of our study was to determine the chromosomal fragility of gastric cancer patients in vitro. Samples from 32 gastric cancer patients and 12 healthy donors were controlled. Cancer patients lymphocytes' genome is highly fragile as treatment of the cell cultures with MMC caused a statistically significant increase of the mean SCEs frequency (p<0.01). Also, so simultaneous as MMC-induced SCEs frequency of gastric cancer patients was statistically significant (p<0.01) higher compared to the healthy donors. PRI and MI of treated with MMC and untreated lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients were significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of healthy donors. These results suggest that peripheral lymphocyte chromosomes of cancer patients are highly fragile and alkyliotic agents increase their fragility.

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Cancer at ages 15–29 years: The contrasting incidence in India and England

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Regional melanoma incidence in England, 1996-2006: reversal of north-south latitude trends among the young female population

Regional melanoma incidence in England, 1996-2006: reversal of north-south latitude trends among the young female population

Malignant melanoma in the Czech Republic: Incidence and mortality according to sex, age and disease stage

Increased Chromosome Fragility in Gastric Cancer Patients

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