Cancer cachexia: Measured and predicted resting energy expenditures for nutritional needs evaluation

Johnson, G.; Sallé, Agnès; Lorimier, G.; Laccourreye, L.; Enon, B; Blin, V.; Jousset, Y.; Arnaud, Jean‐Pierre; Malthièry, Yves; Simard, Gilles; Ritz, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2008.01.013

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Some of the patients reported an EI well above 29 kcal (120 kJ) per kg, but still continued to lose weight while others gained weight without an increase in EI. The suggested necessary lower limit for energy intake may however be insufficient since enhanced resting energy expenditure is measured in patients with advanced cancer [31]. Since our patients had very poor health, we decided not to perform indirect calorimetry and rather compare energy intake to energy recommendations.…”

Section: Weight Loss and Eimentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms in advanced pancreatic cancer are of importance for energy intake

Bye

Jordhøy

Skjegstad

et al. 2012

Support Care Cancer

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Purpose: Cancer cachexia and low energy intake (EI) probably contribute to weight loss in advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). However, little is known about the actual EI in this disease. Aims were to assess EI, weight loss and symptoms during the disease course and investigate associations between symptoms and EI.Methods: Thirty-nine patients (21 males) with advanced PC were consecutively included and followed every 4 weeks until the end of life. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess EI. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the PC-specific health-related quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-PAN26) were used for symptom assessment. Conclusion:In this study several symptoms influenced EI negatively. Low EI did not completely explain weight loss in this patient group, but careful monitoring and early follow-up of symptoms may be important interventions to reduce weight loss in advanced PC.

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Section: Weight Loss and Eimentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms in advanced pancreatic cancer are of importance for energy intake

Bye

Jordhøy

Skjegstad

et al. 2012

Support Care Cancer

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“…Patients were categorized as cancer cachexia (CC; n = 12) if they had unintentional weight loss of >5% of habitual weight during the last 3 months or >10% weight loss during the last 6 months. (23) One control group (n = 13) consisted of subjects with prediagnosed gastrointestinal cancer who reported no important weight change during the last year (weight-stable cancer controls, WS). The second control group (n = 9) was composed of subjects with prediagnosed gastrointestinal cancer who had nonmalignant diseases with significant weight loss (nonmalignant controls, NC).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of β1‐adrenoceptor in increased lipolysis in cancer cachexia

Cao¹,

Wu²,

Yang³

et al. 2010

Cancer Science

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Increased production of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein has been demonstrated to be the major cause behind enhanced lipolysis in cancer cachexia. The mechanism governing this alteration is unknown and was presently investigated. This study was conducted to detect the expression of relevant receptors in the adipocytes of cancer cachexia patients, and to elucidate their implication in the increased lipolysis. Gene expressions of b1-adrenoceptor (ADRB1), b2-adrenoceptor (ADRB2), b3-adrenoceptor (ADRB3), a2C-adrenoceptor (ADRA2C), natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), insulin receptor (INSR), and HSL were determined in adipose tissues of 34 patients by real-time PCR. Protein levels of ADRB1 and HSL were determined by western blot analysis. b1-Adrenoceptor (ADRB1) was also detected by immunofluorescence staining. mRNA expressions of both ADRB1 and HSL were approximately 50% elevated selectively in the cachexia group, whereas mRNA levels of the other receptors were unchanged. b1-Adrenoceptor (ADRB1) protein expression was 1.5-fold increased in cachexia as compared with the cancer controls, and 3-fold increased as compared with nonmalignant controls, and was confirmed as a membrane protein in adipocytes by immunofluorescence. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein expression was 2-2.5-fold increased selectively in cachectic patients. There was a positive correlation between the protein expressions of ADRB1 and HSL. As much as approximately 50% of the variations in HSL protein expression could be explained by variations in ADRB1 protein expression. There was a link between ADRB1 protein level and lipolytic rate. Increased ADRB1 expression may account for some of the functional changes of HSL in patients with cancer cachexia. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1639-1645 B ody fat depletion is a hallmark of cancer cachexia, a complex clinical syndrome associated with increased morbidity and mortality.(1-4) As the largest reservoir of energy stores and a major endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) plays a crucial metabolic role in regulating energy flux, plasma lipid levels, and glucose uptake. In cachectic patients, excessive fat consumption results in energy shortage and metabolic disturbances such as elevated serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glucose resistance, which interferes therapy against tumors. (5,6) Therefore, it is of value to understand the mechanisms behind fat loss in cancer cachexia. Antilipolysis treatment is especially meaningful for attenuating the progressive wasting, since fat deprivation often precedes and progresses faster than muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. (7,8) However, fat tissue wasting is not well established in cancer cachexia, as indicated by recent consensus.(9) At present, very little is known about the factors promoting loss of adipose tissue in cancer patients. (10)(11)(12) Although decreased lipogenesis may contribute, increased lipolysis has been revealed the primary cause. (13)(14)(15)(16) In recent years, adipose lipolysis has been found to be under tight regulation b...

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“…Unfortunately, this method is frequently unavailable in clinical practice because of its high cost. Thus, predictive equations are useful for an easy estimate of REE (10). Although developed for a healthy population, the Harris-Benedict equation is frequently used to estimate the energy requirements of hospitalized patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect calorimetry has been considered a desirable method to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE), having the advantage of being a precise, reproducible, noninvasive, portable, and rapid procedure (2,9). However, this method is not available in clinical practice because of its high cost (10). The method most frequently used to estimated resting energy expenditure is the use of predictive equations derived from healthy populations based on variables such as weight, height, gender, and age (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of resting energy expenditure after the first chemotherapy cycle in acute leukemia patients

Galati

Chiarello

Simões

2015

Nutrition and Cancer

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Changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) of cancer patients vary depending on type of tumor, treatment time point and kind of treatment. Little is known about REE of acute leukemia adult patients after treatment, especially with results related to body weight or fat free mass (FFM). This study aimed to assess changes in REE of acute leukemia adult patients before and after the first remission induction. Evaluation of REE was performed by indirect calorimetry and predicted REE was calculated by Harris-Benedict equation. Weight and height were measured and compared to a control group of healthy individuals. FFM was assessed by bioelectrical impedance for adjusting REE values. We evaluated 18 patients and 26 healthy individuals. At diagnosis, patients presented REE, REE/weight, and REE/FFM higher than the controls. Reductions of REE, REE/weight, and REE/FFM were also observed in patients after the first cycle of chemotherapy. The predicted REE for the patients group showed significant lower value compared with measured REE. Before the first cycle of chemotherapy REE was increased but undergoes a reduction after treatment, reaching values similar to the controls. For predictive Harris-Benedict equation, stress factors should be added to avoid underestimation of REE before and after chemotherapy.

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Cancer cachexia: Measured and predicted resting energy expenditures for nutritional needs evaluation

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Symptoms in advanced pancreatic cancer are of importance for energy intake

Symptoms in advanced pancreatic cancer are of importance for energy intake

Role of β1‐adrenoceptor in increased lipolysis in cancer cachexia

Variation of resting energy expenditure after the first chemotherapy cycle in acute leukemia patients

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