Cancer in California school employees, 1988–1992

Reynolds, Peggy; Elkin, Eric P.; Layefsky, Michael; Lee, Geraldine M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199908)36:2<271::aid-ajim6>3.3.co;2-9

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Our observation of decreased or similar rates of ovarian cancer among women employed in education relative to other workers is in agreement with some early findings [Hartge and Stewart, 1994;Shen et al, 1998], but is at odds with those of three recent studies, which observed 20% or greater excess mortality or incidence of ovarian cancer in teachers [Reynolds et al, 1999;Robinson and Walker, 1999]. Excess ovarian cancer among teachers is often attributed to delayed or decreased childbearing, and the differences in results across studies may reflect childbearing practices in various study populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Occupational exposures and the risk of ovarian cancer in Sweden

Shields

Gridley

Moradi

et al. 2002

American J Industrial Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Occupational exposures and the risk of ovarian cancer in Sweden

Shields

Gridley

Moradi

et al. 2002

American J Industrial Med

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“…Enewold et al 74 observed that military men (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.06, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.19) and women (IRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.50) had higher IRRs of thyroid papillary carcinoma, the major subtype of thyroid cancer, compared with the general population. Reynolds et al 75 found that teachers in a California cohort of school employees also exhibited an increased risk of thyroid cancer (SIR=1.44, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.75). Sathiakumar et al 76 found an increased risk of thyroid cancer in workers at a petrochemical research facility in Illinois that was not concentrated in a particular occupation or building group (SIR 265, 95% CI 106 to 546).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation and thyroid cancer

et al. 2014

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Objectives Numerous occupational and environmental exposures have been shown to disrupt thyroid hormones, but much less is known about their relationships with thyroid cancer. Here we review the epidemiology studies of occupations and occupational exposures and thyroid cancer incidence to provide insight into preventable risk factors for thyroid cancer. Methods The published literature was searched using the Web of Knowledge database for all articles through August 2013 that had in their text “occupation” “job” ”employment” or “work” and “thyroid cancer”. After excluding 10 mortality studies and 4 studies with less than 5 exposed incident cases, we summarized the findings of 30 articles that examined thyroid cancer incidence in relation to occupations or occupational exposure. The studies were grouped by exposure/occupation category, study design, and exposure assessment approach. Where available, gender stratified results are reported. Results The most studied (19 of 30 studies) and the most consistent associations were observed for radiation-exposed workers and health care occupations. Suggestive, but inconsistent, associations were observed in studies of pesticide-exposed workers and agricultural occupations. Findings for other exposures and occupation groups were largely null. The majority of studies had few exposed cases and assessed exposure based on occupation or industry category, self-report, or generic (population-based) job exposure matrices. Conclusion The suggestive, but inconsistent findings for many of the occupational exposures reviewed here indicate that more studies with larger numbers of cases and better exposure assessment are necessary, particularly for exposures known to disrupt thyroid homeostasis.

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“…manufacturing (Sharma-Wagner et al, 2000), teachers (Buxton et al, 1999;Reynolds et al, 1999), policemen (Zeegers et al, 2004a), electrical power workers (Aronson et al, 1996), and flight personnel (Ballard et al, 2000;Pukkala et al, 2002). Although cadmium produced prostate cancer in rodents, two reviews found inadequate evidence of a role in human prostate cancer (IARC, 1994;Verougstraete et al, 2003) Meta-analyses of workers in the petroleum industry and the rubber and tire manufacturing industry showed little evidence for an association with prostate cancer (Stewart et al, 1999;Wong and Raabe 2000).…”

Section: Other Occupational Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hormonal and Other Factors in Human Prostate Cancer

Wigle

Turner

Gomes

et al. 2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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American men have a lifetime risk of about 18% for prostate cancer diagnosis. Large international variations in prostate cancer risks and increased risks among migrants from low- to high-risk countries indicate important roles for environmental factors. Major known risk factors include age, family history, and country/ethnicity. Type 2 diabetes appears to reduce risk, while high birth weight and adult height are linked to increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Limited evidence supports an association with a history of sexually transmitted infections. A previous meta-analysis of eight cohort studies indicated no associations with plasma androgen, estrogen, or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels. However, there were dose-response relationships with baseline plasma testosterone levels in two studies that adjusted for other serum hormones and obesity. Finasteride (a drug that blocks testosterone activation) reduced prostate cancer risk by 25%. Low-frequency genes linked to familial prostate cancer only explain a small fraction of all cases. Sporadic cases were linked to relatively common polymorphisms of genes involved in (1) androgen synthesis, activation, inactivation and excretion, (2) hormone and vitamin D receptors, (3) carcinogen metabolism, and (4) DNA repair. Epidemiologic evidence supports protective roles for dietary selenium, vitamin E, pulses, tomatoes/lycopene, and soy foods, and high plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. There is inadequate evidence that vegetables, fruit, carotenoids, and vitamins A and C reduce risk and that animal fat, alpha-linoleic acid, meat, coffee, and tea increase risk. Two major cohort studies found dose-response relationships with dietary calcium intake. Total dietary energy intake may enhance risk. Limited evidence supports a protective role for physical activity and elevated risk for farmers and other men with occupational pesticide exposure, particularly to organochlorine compounds and phenoxy herbicides. There is inadequate evidence for a relationship with alcohol or smoking. Most known or suspected external risk factors may act through hormonal mechanisms, but our review found little supporting evidence, and substantial further research is needed.

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Cancer in California school employees, 1988–1992

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Occupational exposures and the risk of ovarian cancer in Sweden

Occupational exposures and the risk of ovarian cancer in Sweden

Occupation and thyroid cancer

Role of Hormonal and Other Factors in Human Prostate Cancer

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