Cancer of the Uterine Cervix and Social Conditions

Stocks, Percy

doi:10.1038/bjc.1955.51

Cited by 59 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In 1951 the women c; at risk " in both city and county, aged 25 and over, ever-married and single, numbered 108,257 (1961: 108,015 Comparing mortality from cancer of the cervix in county boroughs in England aind Wales in relation to indices of social and industrial conditions, Stocks (1955) found high death rates in industrial cities and sea-ports and in towns where a high proportion of men were in social classes IV and V (semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers). Liverpool had both a higher proportion of men in social classes IV and V and a higher (standardised) mortality rate of cervical cancer than Birmingham, which is in agreement with the relative positions of the Liverpool and Birmingham curves seen in Fig.…”

Section: Incidence Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study made for the British Empire Cancer Campaign Stocks (1957) The tabulations refer to once-married currently married patients and to live-born children to match the census population. It is unfortunate that widowed and divorced patients and those married more than once have had to be excluded, as these comprise nearly a third of the ever-married patients.…”

Section: Occupational Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer of the uterine cervix in Aberdeenshire. Epidemiological aspects.

Aitken-Swan¹,

Baird²

1966

Br J Cancer

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IT is now generally accepted that cancer of the cervix is predominantly a disease of parous married women of middle age, particularly those who marry under age 20, who have had more than one partner and who are the wives of men in the loxver socio-economic groups. Numerous studies have confirmed these findings. The method used has usually been a comparison of patients and variously selected control groups. In the United Kingdom studies of the amount of the disease or its distribution in different population groups have generally been based on mortality statistics. These are subject to errors of certification; also, as treatment becomes more effective deaths will give an even less complete picture of incidence. Epidemiological studies of the incidence of cervical cancer are becoming possible as cancer registration improves its coverage but there is still little information on the number of women suffering from it and none on how these women compare in age at marriage and family size with the whole community of which they are a part.In Scotland less is known of the distribution of the different types of uterine cancer than in England and Wales due to the failure of many Scottish death certificates to specify the exact site of the disease. In England and Wales the proportion thus unspecified had been reduced to 5 per cent soon after 1950, the year when attempts were first made to differentiate between cancer of the cervix and corpus uteri in death certificates. In Scotland the proportion with site unspecified was still 27 per cent in 1964. We do not know, therefore, if mortality from cervical cancer, as for many other diseases, is higher in Scotland than in England and Wales or to what extent in Scotland it follows the pattern of higher rates in cities and sea-ports compared with smaller towns and rural areas. Knowledge of where the disease is most common, how much of it there is and which women are most at risk has a practical bearing on aetiology, prevention and control. Population and PatientsThe comparatively isolated character of North-East Scotland, a fairly static population and centralisation of treatment of cervical cancer in the city of Aberdeen have helped to ensure that practically all cases occurring in a defined area over a period of years (1944( -63 Aberdeen city, 1950 Aberdeen county) can be identified. A few patients seen at home by a gynaecologist might not be referred to a hospital at all because their lesion was too far advanced, but their

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Section: Incidence Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occupational Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer of the uterine cervix in Aberdeenshire. Epidemiological aspects.

Aitken-Swan¹,

Baird²

1966

Br J Cancer

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“…It has now been established that the annual probability of developing cancer of the cervix is greater in married than in single women (39,(44)(45)(46). It would further appear that early age at marriage and instability of marriage are also associated with this disease (47,48).…”

Section: Marital and Pregnancy Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Cervical Cancer

Kaiser¹,

Gilliam²

1958

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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“…2 Furthermore, women at high risk include those with broken marriages [3][4][5][6][7][8] and women whose husbands have multiple partners or extramarital relationships. 1,9 Rates of this disease are lower for single women, 3,7,10,11 and nuns are rarely afflicted. 12,13 Early age at first pregnancy increases the cervical cancer risk in most studies evaluating this variable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a report on a cytology screening program in the Barbados demonstrated an independent effect on number of pregnancies increasing the risk of positive Papanicolaou smears. 17 Women of relatively low socioeconomic status, as measured by education 6,7 or husband's occupation, 3,6,11,18 tend to develop the disease more frequently than women of higher status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Carcinoma in situ and Squamous Dysplasia of the Uterine Cervix in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

et al. 1988

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Historical risk factors of etiologic significance were evaluated in a seroepidemiological prospective study of carcinoma in situ and squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix among Saudi women in Riyadh. A total of 2,476 women were screened with Papanicolaou smears, and blood samples and cervical swabs were taken for serological study and tissue culture. The results of this investigation show that, although population-based incidence data for Saudi women are generally lacking, the rates of carcinoma in situ and squamous dysplasia of the uterine cervix are very low among Saudis. The related data indicate that in spite of their relatively low mean age at first marriage, at onset of coitus, and at first pregnancy, and an exceptionally high pregnancy rate, the overwhelming majority of screened women had normal cytology (97.6%), while atypical squamous cells were detected in only 2.4% of the sample. Herpesvirus was isolated in 0.5% of the sample, while all these had normal cytology. The findings of this study are consistent with the results of other similar studies on the populationbased data for low-risk groups; the very low rate of cervical malignancies may be ascribed to religious teaching which strongly discourages extramarital relationships, and which also results in low rates of illegitimacy and venereal disease. MeSH KEYWORDS: Carcinoma in situ; Dysplasia, squamous cell; Uterine neoplasms-occurrence; Cervix neoplasms; Cervix dysplasia MORE THAN A century of studies and speculations has been spent on the search for epidemiologic factors of etiologic significance in the onset of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. In this search, three major evidential currents have emerged: (1) demographic resolution of increased risk of women culturally identified by social deprivation and early marriage, (2) epidemiological focus upon sexuality as the core biological association, with early coitus and multiple consorts as the specifically effective components maximizing the risk, and (3) the

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Cancer of the Uterine Cervix and Social Conditions

Cited by 59 publications

References 2 publications

Cancer of the uterine cervix in Aberdeenshire. Epidemiological aspects.

Cancer of the uterine cervix in Aberdeenshire. Epidemiological aspects.

Some Epidemiological Aspects of Cervical Cancer

Prevalence of Carcinoma in situ and Squamous Dysplasia of the Uterine Cervix in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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