Cancer resistance to treatment and antiresistance tools offered by multimodal multifunctional nanoparticles

Abstract

Chemotherapeutic agents have limited efficacy and resistance to them limits today and will limit tomorrow our capabilities of cure. Resistance to treatment with anticancer drugs results from a variety of factors including individual variations in patients and somatic cell genetic differences in tumours. In front of this, multimodality has appeared as a promising strategy to overcome resistance. In this context, the use of nanoparticle-based platforms enables many possibilities to address cancer resistance mechanisms. Nanoparticles can act as carriers and substrates for different ligands and biologically active molecules, antennas for imaging, thermal and radiotherapy and, at the same time, they can be effectors by themselves. This enables their use in multimodal therapies to overcome the wall of resistance where conventional medicine crash as ageing of the population advance. In this work, we review the cancer resistance mechanisms and the advantages of inorganic nanomaterials to enable multimodality against them. In addition, we comment on the need of a profound understanding of what happens to the nanoparticle-based platforms in the biological environment for those possibilities to become a reality.

Nanomedicine review: clinical developments in liposomal applications

“…All these advantages have been reached by using drug delivery systems with 1-100 nm diameter nanoparticles, where a large surface leads to an increase in cellular interactions and multiple alterations of surface properties (Ud Din et al 2017;Senapati et al 2018;Gonda et al 2019). Moreover, by co-delivering multiple drugs, treatments with NPs have also facilitated synergistic therapies and avoided drug resistance (Casals et al 2017). For example, in CPX-351, a liposomal formulation, cytarabine and daunorubicin are packed together at a 5:1 molar ratio within 100-nm-diameter liposomes (Gergis et al 2013;Cortes et al 2015;Lancet et al 2014).…”

Ultrasound Activated Nano TiO2 Loaded With Temozolomide Paves the Way for Resection of Chemo-resistant Glioblastoma Multiforme

“…Its complete resection is still a challenge with only TMZ as available chemotherapeutic agent. In addition, the frequent resistance development to TMZ has further complicated GBM cure (Casals, Gusta et al 2017). In this contribution, we have employed ultrasound activated TiO 2 nanosticks loaded with TMZ to resect the TMZ resistant GBM in vitro as well as in vivo.…”

“…Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapeutic agent for GBM that could merely add several months to the survival of patients and is mostly used as adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of the tumor (Chamberlain 2010). In addition, the suboptimal concentration of TMZ at the tumor site, frequent development of chemoresistance and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) selective amenability, are some of the major bottlenecks in complete resection of GBM (Haar, Hebbar et al 2012, Casals, Gusta et al 2017, Bahadur, Sahu et al 2019.…”

Utilização de Nanopartículas no Tratamento do Câncer: Aspectos Gerais, Mecanismos de Ação Antineoplásicos e Aplicabilidades Tumorais

“…No estudo de Au et al 69 , a wortmanina foi conjugada junto ao docetaxel em NP de PEG-PLA, apresentando um volume tumoral abaixo de 10% em um período de 120 dias. Compostos inorgânicos também apresentam ótima absorção de radiação, sendo bons materiais para serem usados em radioterapia 70 .…”