Cancer situation in China: what does the China cancer map indicate from the first national death survey to the latest cancer registration?

Abstract

Background Over the past four decades, the Chinese government has conducted three surveys on the distribution of causes of death and built cancer registration. In order to shine a new light on better cancer prevention strategies in China, we evaluated the profile of cancer mortality over the forty years and analyzed the policies that have been implemented. Methods We described spatial and temporal changes in both cancer mortality and the ranking of major cancer types in China based on the data collected from three national surveys during 1973‐1975, 1990‐1992, 2004‐2005, and the latest cancer registration data published by National Central Cancer Registry of China. The mortality data were compared after conversion to age‐standardized mortality rates based on the world standard population (Segi's population). The geographical distribution characteristics were explored by marking hot spots of different cancers on the map of China. Results From 1973 to 2016, China witnessed an evident decrease in mortality rate of stomach, esophageal, and cervical cancer, while a gradual increase was recorded in lung, colorectal, and female breast cancer. A slight decrease of mortality rate has been observed in liver cancer since 2004. Lung and liver cancer, however, have become the top two leading causes of cancer death for the last twenty years. From the three national surveys, similar profiles of leading causes of cancer death were observed among both urban and rural areas. Lower mortality rates from esophageal and stomach cancer, however, have been demonstrated in urban than in rural areas. Rural areas had similar mortality rates of the five leading causes of cancer death with the small urban areas in 1973‐1975. Additionally, rural areas in 2016 also had approximate mortality rates of the five leading causes with urban areas in 2004‐2005. Moreover, stomach, esophageal, and liver cancer showed specific geographical distributions. Although mortality rates have decreased at most of the hotspots of these cancers, they were still higher than the national average levels during the same time periods. Conclusions Building up a strong primary public health system especially among rural areas may be one critical step to reduce cancer burden in China.

Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer

“…There are three general categories of breast cancer: hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptorpositive (HER2+), and triple-negative (TN). [313][314][315] Distant metastasis and therapy resistance are the root cause of the poor prognosis of the majority of patients with breast cancer. 316,317 Accumulating evidence suggests that all the STAT family members are closely associated with breast cancer, having either protumorigenic or antitumorigenic characteristics.…”

Designing a Mitochondria-Targeted Theranostic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex: Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance and Inhibiting Tumor Metastasis through Necroptosis and Immune Response

“…Cancer has emerged as one of the most hazardous diseases threatening human life and health globally due to its late diagnosis, ease of spread and metastasis, and susceptibility to drug resistance. − Early diagnosis of cancer is crucial and remains a great challenge in modern therapeutics. − Although cisplatin (CDDP) is currently the most widely used treatment for various cancers, it is unable to cure cancer in a timely and effective manner for the following reasons: (1) it cannot diagnose tumors; (2) it only acts on a single target DNA, which makes it easy to develop drug resistance for cancer cells and produces severe side effects; , and (3) it cannot effectively inhibit tumor metastasis. , Therefore, it is significant to develop next-generation anticancer metal agents to overcome the shortcomings of CDDP and more effectively cure cancer.…”

The effectiveness of Evodia rutaecarpa hot compress on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study

“…In addition, the World Health Organization’s colorectal cancer epidemiological data for the whole of 2022 show that Asia ranks first in terms of colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and 5-year prevalence (colon, rectum), followed by Europe with the second highest share[2]. Studies have shown that the incidence and mortality of CRC have decreased in some European, Oceanian and North American countries in recent years [3–5], but data from the Chinese Cancer Center in 2022 show that the incidence and mortality of CRC continue to increase [3, 6–7]. Worryingly, the incidence of colorectal cancer is steadily increasing in China and globally in people under the age of 50 [8–14].…”

“…Center in 2022 show that the incidence and mortality of CRC continue to increase [3,[6][7] . Worryingly, the incidence of colorectal cancer is steadily increasing in China and globally in people under the age of 50 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”

“…As an herbal remedy with potential value for CRC patients, ER is worth exploring in depth. In China, the use of ER hot compress therapy is becoming increasingly popular.. 6 Based on the literature review, a study by Li and his colleagues showed that the evodiamine and the rutaecarpine derived from ER have high permeability and remarkable selective transdermal properties [18] . Furthermore, Gu and his colleagues stated that sesquiterpenoids have significant pharmacological activities and suggested that the volatile oil of Cornus officinale can pass through PTGS1, PTGS2 and IL-6 [19] .…”