Cancer statistics for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders, 2016: Converging incidence in males and females

Abstract

Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs). In this report, the American Cancer Society presents AANHPI cancer incidence from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality from the National Center for Health Statistics. Among AANHPIs in 2016, there will be an estimated 57,740 new cancer cases and 16,910 cancer deaths. While AANHPIs have 30%–40% lower incidence and mortality rates than NHWs for all cancers combined, they have higher rates for some infection-related cancers (stomach, liver, nasopharynx).The aggregation of AANHPI subgroups conceals the diversity of these heterogeneous populations. AANHPI cancer rates vary by subgroup, with the lowest rates generally in Asian Indians/Pakistanis and the highest in Native Hawaiians, Samoans, and Japanese (except for infection-related cancers). The male-to-female incidence rate ratio among AANHPIs declined from 1.43 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.36-1.49) in 1992 to 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01-1.07) in 2012 due to declining prostate and lung cancer rates in males and increasing breast cancer rates in females. Liver cancer death rates among AANHPIs declined from 2003 to 2012, in contrast to increases in NHWs. Variation in cancer rates in AANHPIs are related to risk factors including lifestyle factors, use of screening and preventive services, and exposure to cancer-causing infections. Cancer control strategies include improved use of vaccination and screening; interventions to increase physical activity and reduce excess body weight, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption; and subgroup-level research on burden and risk factors.

Cancer statistics, 2017

“…For example, while overall cancer incidence rates are 40% lower for API men than nonHispanic white men based on aggregated data, rates in Hawaiians and Samoans are similar to those in nonHispanic whites. 47 The same is true for Puerto Ricans within the lower risk Hispanic population. In 2014, the cancer death rate was 15% higher in blacks than in whites.…”

“…However, it is the leading cause of death in 22 states, 45 and in Hispanic and Asian Americans. 46,47 Cancer is also the leading cause of death among women aged 40 to 79 years and among men aged 45 to 79 years when data are analyzed by 5-year age group.…”

Temporal Trends in Colorectal Cancer Screening among Asian Americans

“…However, incidence trends have been variable across Asian American (AA) subgroups and declines in colorectal cancer incidence have been slower in AA compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHW; refs. 3,4). Furthermore, between 1990 and 2008, incidence rates declined among Chinese (by 0.7% per year) and Japanese (by 4.3% per year) but increased among Koreans (by 2.2% per year; ref.…”

The role of CYP17A1 in prostate cancer development: structure, function, mechanism of action, genetic variations and its inhibition

“…It is estimated that 161,360 new PCa cases will be diagnosed and that 26,730 deaths will occur in the United States in 2017 (Siegel et al 2017). Epidemiological data demonstrate that the incidence and mortality rate of PCa varies in different countries and regions and, hence, the influence of racial or ethnic differences varies (DeSantis et al 2016;Torre et al 2016;Siegel et al 2017). With early diagnosis, radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy are potentially curative.…”