Cáncer y acción preventiva en Chile: perfilando la abstención a la mamografía y papanicolaou

Garcés, Carlos Rodríguez; Espinosa-Valenzuela, Denisse; Fuentes, Geraldo Padilla

doi:10.4067/s0034-98872021000801150

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In Chile, both the PAP test and mammography are integral components of the National Cancer Program, a publicly-funded initiative offering free access to individuals at risk. However, substantial gaps in coverage rates and a notable prevalence of non-compliance with repeat screenings after abnormal results have been identi ed (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and reproductive health of university students with a gender and ethnicity focus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Castro-Benavides,

Morales,

Balboa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Understanding the sexual and reproductive health practices among university students is crucial due to the transitional phase to adulthood and the potential associated risks. This study aimed to determine sexual and reproductive health practices among university students according to gender, year, and ethnicity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2021 at the University of La Frontera, involving first-year students. The study included 5131 participants, accounting for 58.36% of the total enrolled students. Among the participants, 55.4% were female, and the average age was 18.9 years. Results The study revealed that men engaged in higher levels of sexual activity compared to women, with men initiating sexual intercourse at a significantly younger age. Furthermore, women reported lower condom usage in their last sexual encounter and had a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) within the past 12 months. Women also demonstrated a higher frequency of HIV testing, which was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In terms of ethnicity, students identifying as Mapuche displayed a lower proportion of sexual activity compared to those not identifying as Mapuche. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in sexual activity and the prevalence of STIs, potentially reflecting an annual global trend observed in other research studies as well. Moreover, there was an increasing trend in condom use each year, while HIV testing showed a decline, possibly influenced by the pandemic. Conclusions These findings underscore the significance of addressing gender differences, promoting healthy behaviours, and advocating for condom use during sexual encounters. It is essential to implement strategies for STI prevention and encourage regular HIV testing, particularly among high-risk individuals. Additionally, tailored interventions targeting the specific needs of the Mapuche ethnicity should be developed to ensure equitable sexual and reproductive health. The pandemic has significantly impacted sexual activity and sexual health among university students, highlighting the necessity of adapting and reinforcing sexual education and prevention programs in this context.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and reproductive health of university students with a gender and ethnicity focus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Castro-Benavides,

Morales,

Balboa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Rodríguez et al (44) describen una alta tasa de abstención a los exámenes de mamografía y papanicolau en Chile para detección de cáncer de mama y uterino, respectivamente. En este aspecto, la atención primaria juega un rol fundamental en las prácticas sanitarias saludables de las pacientes, ya que, a través de la educación para la salud, se genera mayor conciencia de las conductas saludables como mantener la actividad física y alimentación saludable, además de disminuir el consumo de alcohol y de tabaco, considerado fundamental para disminuir la incidencia de cáncer.…”

Section: Facilitadores En Estrategias De Prevenciónunclassified

Barreiras e facilitadores para atenção à saúde de pessoas com câncer em uma comuna do norte do Chile: relatório qualitativo

Torres Saavedra,

Campillay Campillay,

Dubó Araya

2024

Enfermeria (Montev.)

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Introducción: Los pacientes oncológicos constituyen un grupo vulnerable de la población por la fragilidad que les provoca la enfermedad. Consultada la literatura se describen problemas en el acceso a la atención en salud. Objetivo: Analizar las barreras y facilitadores de acceso que afectan a personas con cáncer en una comunidad del norte de Chile. Metodología: Se abordó desde el paradigma interpretativo, metodología cualitativa y enfoque análisis de contenido según Bardin. La muestra fue intencionada y consideró cuatro pacientes con cáncer y cuatro familiares cuidadores. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y se utilizó una parrilla de preguntas orientadoras. Se contó con autorización de un comité de ética de investigación acreditado. Resultados: Se identificaron barreras de a) disponibilidad, b) accesibilidad, c) psicosociales y d) burocráticas, y facilitadores en e) redes de apoyo y f) estrategias de prevención. Conclusiones: Las barreras de disponibilidad son especialmente importantes para los pacientes, ya que se asocian a un déficit de oferta de servicios oncológicos oportunos. Destacan las redes de grupos de autoayuda como facilitador del proceso terapéutico. La identificación de barreras y facilitadores contribuye a mejorar las estrategias de acción, para una mejor atención de pacientes oncológicos.

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Social Determinants of Breast Cancer Screening: A Multilevel Analysis of Proximal and Distal Factors Related to the Practice of Mammography

Sarmiento,

Tumas,

Pereyra

et al. 2024

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Mammography is crucial for early breast cancer detection. In Latin America, Argentina faces a significant breast cancer burden, with varying mammography rates. The social factors influencing mammography practices remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the proximal and distal social determinants of this practice among Argentinean women using a multilevel approach. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study included 4,924 women aged 50-70 participating in the 2018 National Risk Factor Survey of Argentina. Two-level logistic models were used to estimate measures of association (ORs) between timely mammography practice (within the last 2 years) and selected covariates (sociodemographics, proximal environment, and distal-level variables). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and proportional change in variance (PCV) were calculated. Results: 62.8% of women underwent timely mammography. Age (OR=0.96; 95%CI 0.94-0.97), health insurance (OR=2.22; 95%CI 1.87-2.63), education (OR=2.1; 95%CI 1.74-2.64), and income (OR=1.56; 95%CI 1.23-1.97) were associated with mammography practice. Women in non-marital (OR=0.61; 95%CI 0.52-0.72) or larger households (OR=0.61; 95%CI 0.51-0.63) were less likely to have timely mammograph; living in a larger city was positively associated (OR=1.28; 95%CI 1.12-1.46). Women in provinces with higher physician density (OR=1.06; 95%CI 1.01-1.11) and lower maternal mortality ratio (OR=0.9; 95%CI 0.87-0.96) had higher chances of timely mammography. The ICC and PCV suggested that the explored healthcare indicators largely explained the macro-contextual effect. Conclusions: Multilevel factors influenced mammography practices in Argentina. The results highlight disparities linked to sociodemographic characteristics and healthcare resources. Impact: Efforts to address social inequalities in breast cancer screening must consider multilevel determinants, including in healthcare settings.

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Cáncer y acción preventiva en Chile: perfilando la abstención a la mamografía y papanicolaou

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Sexual and reproductive health of university students with a gender and ethnicity focus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sexual and reproductive health of university students with a gender and ethnicity focus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Barreiras e facilitadores para atenção à saúde de pessoas com câncer em uma comuna do norte do Chile: relatório qualitativo

Social Determinants of Breast Cancer Screening: A Multilevel Analysis of Proximal and Distal Factors Related to the Practice of Mammography

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