Candida and its dual lifestyle as a commensal and a pathogen

Cauchie, Mathieu; Desmet, Stefaan; Lagrou, Katrien

doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2017.02.005

Cited by 69 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Candida species are known to be opportunistic pathogens that may be found in the oral cavity, bloodstream, and gastrointestinal, genitourinary and respiratory tracts of the human body of healthy and immunocompromised individuals . These species are labelled as commensals when the individual's immune response and interactions of Candida with other microbial species allow their persistence (usually in low numbers) without causing harm to the host . Nevertheless, alterations in the dynamic equilibrium between the host and microbial colonisation (eg, caused by immunodeficiency) may favour the atypical growth of Candida species, making them pathogenic and leading to clinical manifestations of candidiasis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in biofilms: Influence of the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation

Hosida

Cavazana

Henriques

et al. 2018

Mycoses

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The relationship among Candida species may be influenced by several factors. Thus, this study evaluated the interactions between Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in biofilms, varying the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation. Biofilms were formed for 48 hours in Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB) or RPMI 1640, supplemented with 0%, 1% or 5% glucose. Each strain of C. albicans was combined with two strains of C. glabrata, generating four biofilm associations, which were quantified by colony-forming units (CFUs), total biomass and metabolic activity. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). For CFUs, all associations were classified as indifferent for biofilms formed in RPMI 1640, while for SDB the interactions were antagonistic for C. albicans and indifferent for C. glabrata. The association of reference strains resulted in a dual-species biofilm with biomass significantly higher than that observed for each single biofilm developed in SDB. The metabolic activity of dual-species biofilms did not significantly differ from that found for single ones, except for co-culture of the reference strains. Glucose supplementation and culture media had a significant influence on all parameters. In conclusion, the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation influenced the interactions between C. albicans and C. glabrata.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in biofilms: Influence of the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation

Hosida

Cavazana

Henriques

et al. 2018

Mycoses

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“…In addition, sampling contamination can occur, possibly a result from finger nail contact with proximate anatomical site having commensal or pathogenic Candida spp 1,6 . In humans, Candida spp., mainly C. Albicans, are part of the gastrointestinal flora in many and can also be located to oral and genital sites 7,17 . In our study, high proportion of treatment non‐responders might be attributable to a single culture diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Clinical significance of Candida isolation from dystrophic fingernails

Shemer

Daniel

Lyakhovitsky

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Summary Background Candida onychomycosis mostly involves fingernails. Yet, in contrast to dermatophytes, Candida isolation from dystrophic fingernails does not prove casualty, as sample contamination and non‐pathogenic Candida growth occur. Characterising treatment outcome of Candida‐positive dystrophic nails is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatment. Objective To investigate predicators associated with treatment outcome among Candida‐positive dystrophic fingernails. Patients and methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out among 108 adults with Candida‐positive dystrophic fingernails not cured with adequate systemic anti‐fungal course. Diagnosis was based on a single mycological culture. Patients with treatment failure (n = 85; 78.7% of the cases) were compared to patients with partial response (mild to almost cure; n = 23; 21.3% of the cases) at 9 to 12 months following treatment initiation. Results Treatment failure was significantly associated with primary onycholysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1‐7.4) and prolonged dystrophy (12.8 vs. 3.7 years in average), compared to partial treatment response. Non‐responders had lower odds to present with distal lateral subungual onychomycosis, compared to partial responders (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1‐0.7). Demographic and mycological characteristics, as well as number of nails affected, co‐presence of paronychia, and treatment regime were not found to be associated with treatment response. Conclusion Candida‐positive primary onycholysis was shown to be non‐responsive to systemic anti‐fungal treatment, suggesting that anti‐fungal treatment is not indicated. For other clinical scenarios, high proportions of treatment non‐response suggest that determining causality of Candida should not be based on a single positive mycological culture.

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“…The majority of mucosal as well as skin infections caused by C. albicans can be linked to impaired immunity or the presence of foreign bodies like indwelling catheters. In contrast, women suffering from sporadic or recurrent VVC are otherwise healthy without known underlying conditions [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psoriasin, a novel anti-Candida albicans adhesin

et al. 2018

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Candida albicans belongs to the normal microbial flora on epithelial surfaces of humans. However, under certain, still not fully understood conditions, it can become pathogenic and cause a spectrum of diseases, from local infections to life-threatening septicemia. We investigated a panel of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs), potentially involved in mucosal immunity against this pathogen. Out of six studied AMPs, psoriasin was most up-regulated during a mucosal infection, an acute episode of recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis, although candidacidal activity has not been demonstrated. We here show that psoriasin binds to β-glucan, a basic component of the C. albicans cell wall, and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen to surfaces and increases IL-8 production by mucosal epithelial cells. In conclusion, we show a novel mechanism of action of psoriasin. By inhibiting C. albicans adhesion and by enhancing cytokine production, psoriasin contributes to the immune response against C. albicans.Key messages The antimicrobial peptide psoriasin is highly up-regulated during a local mucosal infection, Candida albicans vulvovaginitis.Psoriasin binds to β-glucan in the Candida albicans cell wall and thereby inhibits adhesion of the pathogen.Binding of psoriasin to Candida albicans induces an immune response by mucosal epithelial cells. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-1637-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Candida and its dual lifestyle as a commensal and a pathogen

Cited by 69 publications

References 96 publications

Interactions between Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in biofilms: Influence of the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation

Interactions between Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in biofilms: Influence of the strain type, culture medium and glucose supplementation

Clinical significance of Candida isolation from dystrophic fingernails

Psoriasin, a novel anti-Candida albicans adhesin

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