Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on hydrophobic support Accurel MP 1000 in the synthesis of emollient esters

Enzymatic production of wax esters by esterification using lipase immobilized via physical adsorption on functionalized rice husk silica as biocatalyst

“…4,5 In this context, the adoption of alternative routes to produce them is of utmost importance for the oleochemical industry, such as fermentative processes, 5,8 transesterification of vegetable oil with fatty alcohol, 9 and esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with several fatty alcohols. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Therefore, their production by esterification catalyzed by enzymes, acids, and alkoxides has gained prominence in recent years with the aim of using them as replacement for compounds from natural sources. 1,2,[12][13][14][15][16] A conventional technology for producing wax esters consists of esterification reactions of FFA and long-chain alcohols at elevated temperatures of over 80 • C using classical homogeneous catalysts-acids/alkoxides or pyridinebased compounds.…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Therefore, their production by esterification catalyzed by enzymes, acids, and alkoxides has gained prominence in recent years with the aim of using them as replacement for compounds from natural sources. 1,2,[12][13][14][15][16] A conventional technology for producing wax esters consists of esterification reactions of FFA and long-chain alcohols at elevated temperatures of over 80 • C using classical homogeneous catalysts-acids/alkoxides or pyridinebased compounds. 4,10,11,16,17 However, there may be some undesirable reactions under these conditions such as oxidation, dehydration, and polymerization.…”

“…These biocatalysts are highly selective and operate under mild temperature and pressure conditions, which reduces the formation of byproducts and, consequently, the volume of effluents generated in product recovery and purification steps. [1][2][3][12][13][14][15] Lipases (glycerol ester hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are important industrial enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (oils and fats), their natural substrates, into FFA , glycerol, mono-and diacylglycerols. These enzymes also catalyze reactions such as esterification, transesterification, and interesterification in organic media.…”

“…In this context, the adoption of alternative routes to produce them is of utmost importance for the oleochemical industry, such as fermentative processes, 5,8 transesterification of vegetable oil with fatty alcohol, 9 and esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) with several fatty alcohols 10–16 . Therefore, their production by esterification catalyzed by enzymes, acids, and alkoxides has gained prominence in recent years with the aim of using them as replacement for compounds from natural sources 1,2,12–16 .…”

“…On the other hand, the production of esters catalyzed by enzymes, specifically lipases, might eliminate some of the aforementioned disadvantages, and therefore, enzymatic processes are promising alternatives to the chemical route. These biocatalysts are highly selective and operate under mild temperature and pressure conditions, which reduces the formation of byproducts and, consequently, the volume of effluents generated in product recovery and purification steps 1–3,12–15 …”