Candida Virulence Factors

O’Donnell, Lindsay E.; Robertson, Douglas; Ramage, Gordon

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47194-4_2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…It is thought that these elevated concentrations directly impact cell wall permeability through signaling of the MAP kinase and calcineurin-mediated signaling, pathways which maintains cell wall integrity (Kumar et al, 2014 ). C. albicans is a major global opportunistic pathogen, armed with recognized virulence determinants that include colonization factors (adhesins, hyphae and thigmotropic properties), as well as the release of invasins, such as hydrolytic proteins that facilitate invasion into the host (O'Donnell et al, 2015c ). The ability to adhere to both biological and inert substrates and form biofilms makes this organism of particular interest in the context of oral disease (O'Donnell et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Adhesive Effect of Curcumin on Candida albicans Biofilms on Denture Materials

et al. 2017

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The use of natural compounds as an alternative source of antimicrobials has become a necessity given the growing concern over global antimicrobial resistance. Polyphenols, found in various edible plants, offers one potential solution to this. We aimed to investigate the possibility of using curcumin within the context of oral health as a way of inhibiting and preventing the harmful development of Candida albicans biofilms. We undertook a series of adsorption experiments with varying concentrations of curcumin, showing that 50 μg/ml could prevent adhesion. This effect could be further synergized by the curcumin pre-treatment of yeast cells to obtain significantly greater inhibition (>90%, p < 0.001). Investigation of the biological impact of curcumin showed that it preferentially affected immature morphological forms (yeast and germlings), and actively promoted aggregation of the cells. Transcriptional analyses showed that key adhesins were down-regulated (ALS1 and ALS3), whereas aggregation related genes (ALS5 and AAF1) were up-regulated. Collectively, these data demonstrated that curcumin elicits anti-adhesive effects and that induces transcription of genes integrally involved in the processes related to biofilm formation. Curcumin and associated polyphenols therefore have the capacity to be developed for use in oral healthcare to augment existing preventative strategies for candidal biofilms on the denture surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Adhesive Effect of Curcumin on Candida albicans Biofilms on Denture Materials

et al. 2017

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“…Candida spp. are normal commensals of the oral cavity, but they can turn into pathogens in the presence of some local factors, like the reduction of salivary flow rate and oral hygiene habits, food stagnation, and systemic factors, like the increase of blood glucose [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Complex Electromagnetic Fields on Candida albicans Adhesion and Proliferation on Polyacrylic Resin

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of several sessions of the antibacterial protocol of complex electromagnetic fields (CMFs) on planktonic Candida albicans and fungal ability, after treatment with CMFs, to adhere and proliferate on acrylic resin materials. (2) Methods: Planktonic overnight cultures of Candida albicans were subjected to different entities of CMFs treatments. Four test groups were compared: “p1”: treated only with the first program of the antibacterial protocol; “p1–p5” subjected to the first five programs; “1 antibacterial” received one complete session of the protocol and “2 antibacterial” received two complete sessions. After the treatments, the number of colony forming units (CFUs) were recorded. Then, C. albicans broth cultures were cultivated on polyacrylic resin discs and evaluated for CFUs and subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. (3) Results: Microbiological analysis showed that CMFs promoted a significant reduction of C. albicans CFUs when the protocol “p1–p5” was applied. No statistically significant differences between test groups were observed if the time of exposure to CMFs was increased. SEM observations and CFUs showed that CMFs treatments have the ability to reduce C. albicans adherence and proliferation on discs. (4) Conclusions: The CMFs showed an antifungal effect as well as a decrease in C. albicans adhesion on polyacrylic resin.

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Hormones modulate Candida vaginal isolates biofilm formation and decrease their susceptibility to azoles and hydrogen peroxide

et al. 2019

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection usually caused by Candida albicans and increasingly by Candida glabrata, which has an intrinsically high resistance to commonly used antifungals. Candida species possess virulence factors that contribute to VVC development, as the ability to form biofilms in vaginal walls and intrauterine devices. It is known that VVC is promoted by conditions that increase the hormones levels, during pregnancy, however, the effects of hormones on Candida cells are poorly studied, especially in C. glabrata. Thus, the influence of progesterone and β-estradiol, at normal cycle and pregnancy concentrations, on biofilm formation and resistance of C. albicans and C. glabrata vaginal isolates, was analyzed using acidic conditions (pH 4). Biofilms of C. albicans developed in the presence of hormones presented reduced biomass (up to 65%) and impaired cells ability to produce filamentous forms. On the other hand, C. glabrata presented high adaptation to the presence of hormones, which did not affect its biofilm formation. Additionally, hormones impaired the susceptibility of C. albicans and C. glabrata cells to azoles, with potential clinical significance in the presence of pregnancy hormone levels. A similar result was obtained for the susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide, a biological vaginal barrier against Candida growth. Overall, the results of this study suggest that hormones may act as environmental cues promoting Candida protection from vaginal defenses and harmful conditions, what may have implications in Candida vaginal pathogenicity and treatment of VVC, especially in C. glabrata infections due to its high adaptability to vaginal conditions.

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Candida Virulence Factors

Cited by 3 publications

References 107 publications

The Anti-Adhesive Effect of Curcumin on Candida albicans Biofilms on Denture Materials

The Anti-Adhesive Effect of Curcumin on Candida albicans Biofilms on Denture Materials

Effects of Complex Electromagnetic Fields on Candida albicans Adhesion and Proliferation on Polyacrylic Resin

Hormones modulate Candida vaginal isolates biofilm formation and decrease their susceptibility to azoles and hydrogen peroxide

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