Cang-Ai Volatile Oil Ameliorates Depressive Behavior Induced by Chronic Stress Through IDO-Mediated Tryptophan Degradation Pathway

Tran

et al. 2023

IJMS

Appetite dysregulation is one of the factors contributing to anorexia, bulimia nervosa, obesity, and diabetes. Essential oils or fragrant compounds have been proven to regulate food intake and energy expenditure; hence, this study aimed to summarize their effects on appetite and the underlying mechanisms. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched until July 2022. Only two of the 41 studies were performed clinically, and the remaining 39 used animal models. Oral administration was the most common route, and a dosage range of 100–2000 mg/kg for mice or 2–32 mg/kg for rats was applied, with a duration of 12 days to 4 weeks, followed by inhalation (10−6–10−3 mg/cage or 10−9–10−2 mg/cm3 within 1 h). Approximately 11 essential oil samples and 22 fragrant compounds were found to increase appetite, while 12 essential oils and seven compounds decreased appetite. These fragrant components can exert appetite-regulating effects via leptin resistance, the activity of sympathetic/parasympathetic nerves, or the mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)/proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus. Fragrance memory and cognitive processes may also play roles in appetite regulation. The findings of this study accentuate the potential of essential oils and fragrant compounds to regulate appetite and eating disorders.

Section: Essential Oils and Fragrant Compounds With Appetite-enhancin...supporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Essential Oil and Fragrant Compound Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Essential Oils and Fragrant Compounds on Appetite: A Systematic Review

Tran

et al. 2023

IJMS

BioMed Research International

“…CAVO can protect the upper respiratory tract in the smoking mouse model. CAVO can also improve the congestive position of lung tissue and promote cell immune adjustment [23]. However, the effect and mechanism of CAVO in asthmatic animals are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAVO is extracted from Atractylodes lancea, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Agastache rugosa, Eupatorium fortunei, Agastache rugosa, etc. CAVO can regulate T-lymphocyte immune response to antirespiratory agents [22,23]. CAVO has been mainly to treat lung inflammation through inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAVO Inhibits Airway Inflammation and ILC2s in OVA‐Induced Murine Asthma Mice

Feng

Tong

et al. 2023

Self Cite

Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO) is an aromatic Chinese medicine and is widely used to treat upper respiratory tract infections in children. However, the mechanism of CAVO in asthma treatment is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CAVO on airway inflammation and the mechanism of inhibiting Group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in asthmatic mice, which was induced with Ovalbumin (OVA). CAVO improved AHR and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. CAVO reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while increased the production of IL-10, significantly. CAVO also inhibited the suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and IL-33 expressions in the lung tissue. Moreover, flow analyses demonstrated that CAVO inhibited ILC2s activation by reducing the sedimentation of its upstream cytokines, thus alleviating downstream cytokines. This could be because of the downregulated microRNA-155 and upregulated microRNA-146a. CAVO inhibits ILC2s activation, thus further attenuating airway inflammation and AHR in asthmatic mice. These effects may be related to the downregulation of microRNA-155 and upregulation of microRNA-146a.

“…Cang-ai volatile oil is a Chinese herbal volatile oil that has been used clinically as an intranasal inhaler. Studies have shown that Cang-ai volatile oil can inhibit microglia activation and kynurenine pathway to regulate 5-HT and play an antidepressant effect [ 192 ]. The forced swim test, open field test, sucrose preference test, etc.…”

Section: Intranasal Administration Of Antidepressant Active Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Intranasal Administration in the Delivery of Antidepressant Active Ingredients

et al. 2022

As a mental disease in modern society, depression shows an increasing occurrence, with low cure rate and high recurrence rate. It has become the most disabling disease in the world. At present, the treatment of depression is mainly based on drug therapy combined with psychological therapy, physical therapy, and other adjuvant therapy methods. Antidepressants are primarily administered peripherally (oral and intravenous) and have a slow onset of action. Antidepressant active ingredients, such as neuropeptides, natural active ingredients, and some chemical agents, are limited by factors such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), first-pass metabolism, and extensive adverse effects caused by systemic administration. The potential anatomical link between the non-invasive nose–brain pathway and the lesion site of depression may provide a more attractive option for the delivery of antidepressant active ingredients. The purpose of this article is to describe the specific link between intranasal administration and depression, the challenges of intranasal administration, as well as studies of intranasal administration of antidepressant active ingredients.