Canine ehrlichioses : an update : review article

Kelly, Patrick J.

doi:10.4102/jsava.v71i2.684

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…This prevalence is similar to the 47% (148/310) [6] to 34% (50/146) [8] reported from Costa Rica in the only other PCR surveys of dogs in Central America, and these findings suggest the organism is prevalent in the region. Infections with E. canis cause canine monocytic ehrlichiosis with 80% of dogs developing prolonged thrombocytopenia [26,27]. We were unable to carry out hematological examinations on our study dogs but, despite the high likelihood that some were thrombocytopenic, all the surgeries were uneventful and no abnormal bleeding tendencies were noted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Babesia gibsoni in Central America and survey for vector-borne infections in dogs from Nicaragua

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAlthough many vector-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs in tropical areas and potential zoonoses, there is little information on these conditions in Central America.MethodsSeven qPCRs for vector-borne pathogens were performed on a Roche LightCycler PCR Instrument to investigate their prevalence in a convenience sample of whole blood samples from apparently healthy dogs in Nicaragua. Also, a qPCR targeting the canine hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene was used as an endogenous internal control and verified the quality and quantity of DNA in the samples was appropriate for the study.ResultsWe found DNA of Rickettsia felis (5%), Babesia spp. (26%), Hepatozoon canis (51%), Anaplasma platys (13%) and Ehrlichia canis (56%) in the 39 dogs studied. The qPCRs for Coxiella burnetii and Dirofilaria immitis were negative. Of the 30 (80%) dogs that were positive by qPCR, 12 (31%) were positive for one agent, 11 (28%) for two, 3 (8%) for three, and 4 (10%) for four agents.ConclusionsThis is the first report of B. gibsoni in dogs from Central America and the first recording of vector-borne agents in dogs from Nicaragua. Dogs in Nicaragua are commonly infected with a variety of vector-borne pathogens, some of which may also infect people.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Babesia gibsoni in Central America and survey for vector-borne infections in dogs from Nicaragua

et al. 2014

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“…51 In the severe form of disease, marked weight loss and emaciation, lymphadenopathy, pyrexia, and hemorrhagic disease are commonly observed. 50,53 Severe pancytopenia with nonregenerative anemia may also be detected; death results from extensive hemorrhage or secondary infection. 53 To the authors' knowledge, only 1 documented case of human infection with E canis has been reported in the medical literature.…”

Section: Ehrlichiosis In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50,53 Severe pancytopenia with nonregenerative anemia may also be detected; death results from extensive hemorrhage or secondary infection. 53 To the authors' knowledge, only 1 documented case of human infection with E canis has been reported in the medical literature. Ehrlichia canis was isolated from the blood of a healthy adult in Venezuela who reported close contact with an E canis-infected dog.…”

Section: Ehrlichiosis In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ehrlichiosis and related infections

McQuiston

McCall²,

Nicholson³

2003

javma

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“…These primers amplify a 279 base pair DNA fragment. The E. canis and E. ruminantium PCR assays were performed as described previously (Savadye, Kelly & Mahan 1998;Peter et al 1995;2000). The specificity of the PCR assay was validated by amplifying a 350 bp DNA fragment from E. canis DNA but not from E. ruminantium DNA, a phylogenetically closely related species, using the 16S rDNA primers specific for detection of E. canis.…”

Section: Detection Of E Canis In Peripheral Blood Of Challenged Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronic phase may be mild or severe depending on the strain of the parasite, age and breed of the animal, as well as the presence of concurrent disease. The chronic severe form is characterized by weight loss, pale mucous membranes, abdominal tenderness and bleeding tendencies with epistaxis reported in 30-50 % of the cases (Greene & Harvey 1984;Kelly 2000). It has been reported that German Shepherds are more prone to the chronic severe form of the disease, associated with specific and non-specific immunosupression induced by the E. canis infection (Huxoll, Amyx, Hemelt, Hildebrandt, Nims & Gouchenour 1972;Nyindo, Huxoll, Ristic, Kakoma, Brown, Carson & Stephenson 1980;Ristic & Holland 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

A preliminary study to evaluate the immune responses induced by immunization of dogs with inactivated <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> organisms

Mahan¹,

Kelly²,

Mahan³

2005

Onderstepoort J Vet Res

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Ehrlichia canis is an intracellular pathogen that causes canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Although the role of antibody responses cannot be discounted, control of this intracellular pathogen is expected to be by cell mediated immune responses. The immune responses in dogs immunized with inactivated E. canis organisms in combination with Quil A were evaluated. Immunization provoked strong humoral and cellular immune responses, which were demonstrable by Western blotting and lymphocyte proliferation assays. By Western blotting antibodies to several immunodominant E. canis proteins were detected in serum from immunized dogs and antibody titres increased after each immunization. The complement of immunogenic proteins recognized by the antisera were similar to those recognized in serum from infected dogs. Upon challenge with live E. canis, rapid anamnestic humoral responses were detected in the serum of immunized dogs and primary antibody responses were detected in the serum from control dogs. Following immunization, a lymphocyte proliferative response (cellular immunity) was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNs) of immunized dogs upon stimulation with E. canis antigens. These responses were absent from non-immunized control dogs until after infection with live E. canis, when antigen specific-lymphocyte proliferation responses were also detected in the PBMNs of the control dogs. It can be thus concluded that immunization against canine monocytic ehrlichiosis may be feasible. However, the immunization regimen needs to be optimized and a detailed investigation needs to be done to determine if this regimen can prevent development of acute and chronic disease.

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Canine ehrlichioses : an update : review article

Cited by 17 publications

References 82 publications

First report of Babesia gibsoni in Central America and survey for vector-borne infections in dogs from Nicaragua

First report of Babesia gibsoni in Central America and survey for vector-borne infections in dogs from Nicaragua

Ehrlichiosis and related infections

A preliminary study to evaluate the immune responses induced by immunization of dogs with inactivated <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> organisms

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