Canine Fatalities Associated with the use of a Modified Live Vaccine Administered during Late Stages of Pregnancy

Evermann, James F.; McKeirnan, A. J.; Wilbur, L A; Levings, Randall L.; Trueblood, Esther S.; Baldwin, Thomas J.; Hughbanks, F G

doi:10.1177/104063879400600312

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…According to offi cial information, all 158 cases confi rmed by antibody conversion in Buenos Aires Federal District and Province during 2007 were also imported (7). Of these, 50 occurred in the southern suburban district where our patient lives and works.…”

Section: Indigenous Denguementioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue in Eurasian Lynx

Jauniaux¹,

Clercq²,

Cassart³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Indigenous Denguementioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue in Eurasian Lynx

Jauniaux¹,

Clercq²,

Cassart³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…In 1992, a veterinarian noticed that pregnant dogs were aborting and, in some cases, the dam died as well. A common feature was a history of vaccination 3 to 4 weeks before whelping with a modified-live virus (MLV) multicomponent vaccine [27]. Initially, it was speculated that there was a component of the vaccine, such as canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2 or canine distemper virus (CDV), that was not properly attenuated and that because of the immune-compromised state of the dam, the virus was causing disease.…”

Section: Novel Contaminate With Serious Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts to isolate CPV-2 and CDV were negative. A virus with properties of an orbivirus was isolated in cell culture from tissue homogenates derived from the diseased pups and dams, however [27,28]. The virus was eventually identified as bluetongue virus (BTV) type 11, a domestic strain of the virus common in the United States [28].…”

Section: Novel Contaminate With Serious Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testing for emerging or re-emerging viruses requires a familiarity with the common infectious agents affecting a particular species and maintaining an open mind for unusual observations, such as occurred in the BTV case mentioned previously [27]. The testing for novel viruses would have to be conducted on least at two levels.…”

Section: Enhanced Vigilance: Laboratory Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accidental Introduction of Viruses into Companion Animals by Commercial Vaccines

Evermann

2008

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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The use of biologics in veterinary medicine has been of tremendous value in safeguarding our animal populations from debilitating and oftentimes fatal disease. This article reviews the principles of vaccination and the extensive quality control efforts that are incorporated into preparing the vaccines. Examples of adverse events that have occurred in the past and how enhanced vigilance at the level of the veterinarian and the veterinary diagnostic laboratory help to curtail these events are discussed. Emphasis on understanding the ecology of viral infections in dogs and cats is introduced, together with the concepts of the potential role of vaccines in interspecies spread of viruses.

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“…There was staining in the spleens of three of the four infected pregnant animals (Nos. 2, 3, 4), with signal present in cytoplasm of mononuclear cells of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) and less frequently in vessels. In one animal (No.…”

Section: In Situ Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Bluetongue Virus in Tissues of Experimentally Infected Pregnant Dogs as Determined by In Situ Hybridization

et al. 1996

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Abstract. Six female dogs (four pregnant and two nonpregnant) were inoculated with bluetongue virus (BTV), serotype 11. Pregnant animals and one nonpregnant dog received 5.5-6.3 log,, of cell culture-adapted virus. The other nonpregnant dog received a modified live vaccine contaminated with bluetongue virus. The nonpregnant animals never became clinically ill and were euthanatized 35 days post-inoculation. Three of the four pregnant dogs aborted, and all four died or were euthanatized 5-10 days post-inoculation. The predominant pathologic feature in the adults was severe pulmonary edema. Various tissues from the bitches and fetuses were examined by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled probe corresponding to the nonstructural protein-1 gene of BTV-17. By this technique, viral nucleic acid was detected predominantly in endothelial cells of lung of all four dogs, with lesser amounts in capillaries of uterus, spleen, and kidney in some of the dogs. In two adult dogs, bluetongue viral nucleic acid was detected in mononuclear cells of the penarteriolar lymphoid sheaths of spleen. There was minimal staining of capillaries in placentae in three of the five fetuses examined. There was no viral nucleic acid detected in any of the other fetal tissues.Key words: Bluetongue virus; dogs; in situ hybridization.Beginning in late 1992, a multicomponent modified live virus vaccine containing canine distemper virus, canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus-2, and canine parvovirus was reported to be causing clinical disease and death when used during late-term pregnancy in d o g~.~,~J Bluetongue virus (BTV), serotype 11, was isolated from the tissues of some of the vaccinated dogs as well as from the vaccine.l' This virus was then propagated, and the dogs were inoculated with it to confirm its pathogenicity. This report details the pathologic findings and the distribution of virus, as determined by in situ hybridization, in experimentally infected dogs. Materials and Methods VirusBluetongue virus, serotype 11, was isolated from a multicomponent modified live vaccine containing canine distemper, canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus-2, and canine parvovirus. The BTV was isolated in Vero cells and expanded in baby hamster kidney cells.iL DogsFour late-term pregnant Beagle dogs were inoculated with BTV. Two (Nos. 1, 2) received 6.3 log,, TCID,, BTV, and two (Nos. 3, 4) received 5.6 log,, TCID,, BTV, all intramuscularly. A fifth pregnant dog (No. 5) received 1.0 ml of noncontaminated multicomponent vaccine, given subcutaneously. One 12-week-old female dog (No. 6) was inoculated with 5.5 log,, TCID,, BTV; another 12-week-old female dog (No. 7) was inoculated with 1 .O ml of the contaminated vaccine. Animals were monitored clinically daily and euthanatized with an overdose of barbiturate when they became severely clinically ill. Pathologic FindingsAll dogs were necropsied, and tissues were fixed routinely in formalin for histopathology. Paraffin sections were cut at 4-5 pm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin...

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Canine Fatalities Associated with the use of a Modified Live Vaccine Administered during Late Stages of Pregnancy

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

Bluetongue in Eurasian Lynx

Bluetongue in Eurasian Lynx

Accidental Introduction of Viruses into Companion Animals by Commercial Vaccines

Distribution of Bluetongue Virus in Tissues of Experimentally Infected Pregnant Dogs as Determined by In Situ Hybridization

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