Canine Leishmaniasis Caused by <i>Leishmania Leishmania Infantum</i> in Two Labrador Retrievers

Binhazim, Awadh A.; Chapman, Willie L.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Styles, Martha; Comer, Karen Frederickson

doi:10.1177/104063879200400312

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, these animals were more likely to have a higher overall clinical score. While similar hepatic alterations have been described in the literature [9, 16, 17, 27–29], differences in clinical classification and the presence of infection may explain some of the discrepancies between our results and those reported by other studies, such as the fact that we did not use uninfected control animals for comparisons. The present study considered liver alterations only in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania from an endemic area, which presented the full clinical spectrum of disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Assessment of histological liver alterations in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe liver plays a central role in the development of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Studies of natural infection in animals and humans indicate a direct relationship between resolution of infection and the formation and maturation of granulomas in the liver. However, in contrast to other reports in the literature, the present study found no differences in the characteristics of hepatic granulomas that could be related to resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania. Here, we describe the hepatic alterations observed in dogs with differing clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area in the state of Bahia, Brazil.MethodsWe examined 148 animals in an endemic area. The animals were clinically examined, and the infection was determined by ELISA, spleen aspirate culture and quantitative PCR. The animals were grouped into asymptomatic or symptomatic based on the number of signs of LV. The histological liver evaluation was performed in a blinded way.ResultsOur results indicated no association between the characteristics of granulomas and clinical presentation. We found an association between the intensity of this inflammatory response and parasite load in the animals’ spleens. It is important to note that while hepatic alterations, such as portal and perivascular inflammation and the presence of larger amounts of granulomas, were linked with higher parasite loads, we found the inverse to be true with respect to intrasinusoidal lymphocytosis, the formation of intrasinusoidal inflammatory cell aggregates and Kupffer cell hypertrophy.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells inside the sinusoids is more important than that of organized granulomas in terms of the containment of parasitism by the host. We suggest that the presence of granulomas indicates the failure of a first line of defense mechanism in the control of parasite infection, which could be related to the presence of inflammatory cells and Kupffer cell hypertrophy inside the sinusoids. We further demonstrated that dogs with active Leishmania spp. infection present a higher frequency of inflammatory changes in the liver. In addition to being correlated with the severity of clinical manifestation, these hepatic alterations were also associated with changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Assessment of histological liver alterations in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum

et al. 2019

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“…However, an exaggerated response can lead to a situation in which coagulation itself contributes to its most severe form of the disease causing microvascular thrombosis, organ dysfunction and bleeding [16]. Clinical signs such as epistaxis [17]–[19], haematuria [18,20] and disseminated intravascular coagulation [7] as well as laboratory abnormalities in haemostasis [7,8,21] have been reported in dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis, suggesting that this protozoan affects not only primary and secondary haemostasis but fibrinolysis as well. In this report, the dog did not present clinical evidence of haemostatic abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi from Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

et al. 2013

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BackgroundDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired disorder characterized by the activation of intravascular coagulation and excessive fibrin formation. It always occurs in association with other clinical conditions, including parasitic diseases. DIC has been described as a unusual complication in human and canine visceral leishmaniasis.Case presentationDIC was found in a seven-year-old male mongrel dog naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. Haemostasis parameters demonstrated changes in primary and secondary haemostasis and fibrinolysis.ConclusionDIC is a unusual condition described in canine visceral leishmaniasis and it seems to be associated with several immunological and pathological mechanisms involved in the disease.

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“…In contrast, in cold and dry conditions, even when inflammation at the inoculation site was seen, a dry exfoliative squamous dermatitis with hair loss until alopecia was noted, starting at the inguen and spreading mainly to the back of the mice until it reached the face. This type of dermatitis has been reported for dogs (Binhazim et al 1992;Brachelente et al 2005;Melo et al 2008;Travi et al 2009), and felines (Solano-Gallego et al 2007) infected with L. infantum. In humans, this may be similar to the post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum (Zijlstra et al 1995) or L. donovani after treatment (Das et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 90%

Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Clinical Manifestations of Experimental Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Rodent Model

Quiñonez-Díaz

Mancilla-Ramı́rez

Avila-García

et al. 2012

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Dermal species of Leishmania have a relatively broad temperature range for optimal growth in vitro, with temperature differences accompanied by a form change. This suggests that when the host is living in moderate temperatures (22°C), infection may proceed at temperatures lower than those that occur in tropical regions (32°C), and a different clinical expression of the disease due to a different parasitic form may result. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the clinical expression of the disease. BALB/C mice infected with Leishmania mexicana were housed at 32°±2°C or 22°±1°C, and assessed for the development of inflammation and the presence of parasites in organs using PCR and immunohistology. The clinical expression of leishmaniasis at 32°C included inflammation at the site of inoculation with swelling of the nose and tail, whereas at 22°C, up to 50% of the infected mice developed dry exfoliative dermatitis with alopecia on the dorsum. In both cases, parasite colonization was confirmed in the skin, with parasites at more external locations at 22°C. Parasite visceralization was confirmed in all internal organs and glands in both cases based on PCR and immunohistology. In conclusion, the clinical expression of diffuse leishmaniasis by Leishmania mexicana in laboratory mice is modified by temperature, from nodular inflammation at 32°C, to dry exfoliative dermatitis and alopecia at 22°C, with parasite visceralization in both cases.

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Canine Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania Leishmania Infantum in Two Labrador Retrievers

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Assessment of histological liver alterations in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum

Assessment of histological liver alterations in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi from Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Clinical Manifestations of Experimental Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Rodent Model

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