Canine pedal papilloma identification and management: a retrospective series of 44 cases

Abstract

Background Papillomavirus infections in dogs have a variety of manifestations and involve multiple viral genera. Canine pedal papillomas have been infrequently studied and reported in the literature. Objective To report the signalment, history, treatment and outcome of biopsy‐confirmed cases of canine pedal papillomatosis, collected from veterinarians across the United States and Canada Animals Medical records from 44 dogs were submitted by North American veterinarians. Methods and materials Surveys were submitted through the Veterinary Information Network for biopsy‐confirmed cases of canine pedal papillomatosis. Submissions included information on patient signalment, history, biopsy report, treatment and outcome. Results Forty‐four cases were reviewed. The median age of presentation was four years old. Dogs most commonly presented with lameness and/or paw licking/chewing. Only one paw was affected in 35 cases, and front paws were more often affected than back paws. Twenty‐eight dogs presented with one mass. Histopathological evaluation documented 33 cases of noninverted papillomas and 11 cases of inverted papillomas. Thirty‐four papillomas resolved in total; 25 resolved within three weeks after biopsy collection. Twenty‐one dogs received no additional treatment and 15 of those cases resolved. Azithromycin was the most commonly reported treatment initiated after biopsy was collected. Conclusions and clinical importance The biological behaviour of canine pedal papillomas in this case series was similar to oral papillomas, and most lesions resolved with or without additional treatment. Further research is needed to better characterise the causative papillomavirus types and genera involved in the development of canine pedal papillomas.

Canine and feline papillomaviruses: an update

“…These lesions may be induced by CPV1 or CPV2, or both types simultaneously ( 28 , 29 ). Warts are frequently found on the feet and around the face and ears ( 30 ). Most canine cutaneous warts regress spontaneously, within 3 months, and do not cause discomfort.…”

“…Most canine cutaneous warts regress spontaneously, within 3 months, and do not cause discomfort. However, some of them may persist for 2 years before regressing ( 30 ). The progression of cutaneous warts into SCCs is extremely rare.…”

“…Oral papillomatosis in dogs presents as multiple exophytic smooth or cauliflower-like warts on the lips and mouth. Like cutaneous papillomatosis, oral papillomas are frequent in young animals ( 30 ). Most of oral warts are caused by CPV1 and regress spontaneously within 4–8 weeks ( 32 , 33 ).…”

“…Most of oral warts are caused by CPV1 and regress spontaneously within 4–8 weeks ( 32 , 33 ). In few cases, dogs can develop further warts that increase in size over a year and can spread from the oral cavity to the haired skin or progress to SCC ( 30 ). Few reports have suggested that the transmission between dogs is possible ( 8 , 34 ).…”

Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 26: A Novel Papillomavirus of Dogs and the First Canine Papillomavirus within the Omegapapillomavirus Genus

“…However, PVs have been reported to cause both hyperplastic and, rarely, neoplastic diseases in dogs [ 3 , 4 ]. Hyperplastic papillomas (warts) are common in young adult dogs and most often develop in places susceptible to trauma such as the oral cavity, feet, and ears [ 5 , 6 ]. In papillomas, the PV infection results in marked epithelial hyperplasia resulting in folding of the epithelium and the development of either an exophytic or ‘inverted’ papilloma [ 7 ].…”