Background Papillomavirus infections in dogs have a variety of manifestations and involve multiple viral genera. Canine pedal papillomas have been infrequently studied and reported in the literature. Objective To report the signalment, history, treatment and outcome of biopsy‐confirmed cases of canine pedal papillomatosis, collected from veterinarians across the United States and Canada Animals Medical records from 44 dogs were submitted by North American veterinarians. Methods and materials Surveys were submitted through the Veterinary Information Network for biopsy‐confirmed cases of canine pedal papillomatosis. Submissions included information on patient signalment, history, biopsy report, treatment and outcome. Results Forty‐four cases were reviewed. The median age of presentation was four years old. Dogs most commonly presented with lameness and/or paw licking/chewing. Only one paw was affected in 35 cases, and front paws were more often affected than back paws. Twenty‐eight dogs presented with one mass. Histopathological evaluation documented 33 cases of noninverted papillomas and 11 cases of inverted papillomas. Thirty‐four papillomas resolved in total; 25 resolved within three weeks after biopsy collection. Twenty‐one dogs received no additional treatment and 15 of those cases resolved. Azithromycin was the most commonly reported treatment initiated after biopsy was collected. Conclusions and clinical importance The biological behaviour of canine pedal papillomas in this case series was similar to oral papillomas, and most lesions resolved with or without additional treatment. Further research is needed to better characterise the causative papillomavirus types and genera involved in the development of canine pedal papillomas.

A colorimetric method for total capsaicinoids in chili pepper (Capsicum) fruit is described. The placental material of the pepper, containing 90% of the capsaicinoids, was physically separated from the colored materials in the pericarp and extracted twice with methanol, capturing 85% of the remaining capsaicinoids. The extract, evaporated and reconstituted in acetonitrile, was treated with Gibbs reagent to produce a beautiful blue product, easily detected by eye. Semiquantitative measurement was made by comparison to a printed color chart. The simple analysis required no electronic equipment or chromatographic separations, so is amenable to classroom demonstration, introductory laboratory, and the field. Accuracy was demonstrated by favorable comparison of results with those from a standard liquid chromatographic method for eight varieties of chili pepper.

BackgroundMeticillin‐resistant (MR) staphylococcal species have been cultured from veterinary hospital environments and veterinary instruments. Pet‐grooming salon environments and grooming tools may pose a risk for dissemination of MR staphylococcal bacteria into the pet population.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate the frequency of MR staphylococcal colonization of pet‐grooming salons and to collect information regarding cleaning procedures in grooming salons.Methods and materialsA nonrandomized, observational study was performed in 2018. Locations inside 19 grooming salons near Tacoma, WA, USA, were sampled and selectively cultured for MR, coagulase‐positive staphylococci. Sampled sites included clipper blades and handles, leashes, rims of bathtub drains, insides of shampoo caps, and bathtub spray hoses or faucet handles. Grooming salons were asked to complete surveys regarding their cleaning practices.ResultsMeticillin‐resistant coagulase‐positive staphylococci were isolated from 12 of 19 grooming salons and 25 of 112 total samples. Meticillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus and S. schleiferi were isolated from multiple salons, most commonly from electric clipper blades, clipper handles and grooming leashes. No statistically significant correlations were identified between cleaning practices and the isolation of MR coagulase‐positive staphylococci.Conclusions and clinical importanceClipper blades, clipper handles and leashes are potential fomites for MR staphylococci in a grooming salon; increased disinfection practices for these items are indicated. A prospective, controlled, large‐scale study is warranted to examine the effect of grooming salon hygiene practices on the isolation of MR staphylococci in salons.

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CASE DESCRIPTION A 14-year-old spayed female American Cocker Spaniel with bilateral otitis media and no evidence of cardiovascular instability was anesthetized to allow performance of a deep ear flush. CLINICAL FINDINGS Otoscopic examination of the left ear revealed evidence of chronic inflammation; the ear was flushed with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Examination of the right ear revealed more severe chronic inflammation than in the left ear, including a ruptured tympanum (timing of rupture unknown). The right ear was flushed with sterile saline solution, and several drops of otic medication were instilled. During infusion of saline solution, the ECG revealed a rapid decrease in heart rate until no more electrical activity was noted. Pulse also ceased to be detectable via pulse oximetry and femoral artery palpation. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Isoflurane was discontinued immediately after recognition of cardiac arrest. Shortly after, atropine (0.04 mg/kg [0.02 mg/lb]) and epinephrine (0.3 mg/kg [0.14 mg/lb]) were administered IV, chest compressions and ventilation were performed for 2 to 3 minutes, and 3 boluses (each 5 mL/kg) of lactated Ringer solution were administered IV. The dog was extubated 8 minutes after anesthesia was discontinued, and its recovery was monitored for the next 5 hours. No further incidents of cardiac arrest occurred after recovery from anesthesia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This case represented a rarely documented potential complication associated with otic manipulation in a dog: cardiac arrest secondary to stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Veterinarians should be prepared for and warn clients of this possibility prior to otic flushing.