Canine SINEs and Their Effects on Phenotypes of the Domestic Dog

Clark, Leigh Anne; Wahl, Jacquelyn M.; Rees, Christine A.; Strain, George M.; Cargill, Edward J.; Vanderlip, Sharon L.; Murphy, Keith E.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76723-9_7

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Whitney and Lamoreux [5] presented the hypothesis that the merle locus contains a transposable element. Sequencing analysis revealed that the variability in the SINE is found in the poly(A)-tail, which is an important factor in retrotransposition [6]. The poly(A)-tail is evolutionarily unstable and subject to mutation and degradation over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During development, melanoblasts migrate from the neural crest and differentiate into the pigment producing melanocytes [8]. Melanocytes having a larger SINE insertion in the SILV gene would produce diluted pigment, while those with a truncated A-tail would produce full pigment [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three groups of alleles, the ancestral allele (m) that lacks the SINE insertion, the derivative allele (M) with the SINE insertion containing long poly(A)-tail (91-101 nucleotides long) that disrupts SILV function and causes merle phenotype and a cryptic allele (Mc) which carries the SINE insertion with a shorter poly(A)-tail of 54-65 nucleotides [6]. An important implication of this idea is that both the M and the Mc alleles would exhibit instability, the former for tail shortening to a 'normal' phenotype, and the latter for tail expansion to an abnormal phenotype, in which case the phenomenon of merle reversion might more accurately be referred to as pseudoreversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the idea of an unstable Mc allele is likely to underlie what has been described as a cryptic or phantom merle, in which a dog with little or no pigmentary abnormalities gives typical merle offspring. Additionally, expansion of the oligo(dA)-rich tail in the germ line of a nonmerle dog having the smaller insertion may result in merle offspring and may be the mechanism behind the cryptic merle phenotype [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some dogs may have eyes covered by the third eyelid permanently. The defects can vary from minor vision and hearing loss to complete deafness and blindness [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Cryptic Allele for Merle Patterning in Dogs by Molecular Genetics Methods / Identifikacija Skrivenog Alela Za Mramoriranu Šaru Pasa Pomoću Metoda Molekularne Genetike

et al. 2015

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Merle patterning in dogs, caused by the insertion of a short interspersed element (SINE) in the genetic structure of SILV gene, is characterized by patches of diluted pigment intermingled with normal melanin. Sequencing analyses of SINE element localized in the canine SILV gene discovered a variability of the poly (A)-tail length which is responsible for the different expression of merle pattern. The SINE element with the length of poly(A)-tail between 91 -101 nucleotides is responsible for the merle phenotype with all characters of merle pattern. On the contrary the dogs which have SINE element with the shorter length of poly(A) tail between 54-65 nucleotides are referred as cryptic merles without expresion of Merle pattern. The aim of this study was to improve molecular genetics method for the detection of cryptic allele for merle patterning in dogs. A total of 40 dogs of four breeds -Border collie, Shetland sheepdog, Australian Shepherd dog, and Chihuahua were used in this study. Canine genomic DNA was isolated from samples of whole blood and buccal cells by commercial column kit. Detection of merle (M), cryptic merle (Mc) and non-merle (m) alleles was done using M13-tailed primer protocol and two different allele-sizing methods for the verifi cation of the electrophoresis result. In the analyzed population of dogs were detected 20 dogs with non-merle genotype mm, 17 dogs with merle genotype Mm, 2 dogs with double merle genotype MM and one dog with merle phenotype but with the presence of cryptic merle allele Mc with the consequential genotype MMc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some dogs may have eyes covered by the third eyelid permanently. The defects can vary from minor vision and hearing loss to complete deafness and blindness [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Identification of Cryptic Allele for Merle Patterning in Dogs by Molecular Genetics Methods / Identifikacija Skrivenog Alela Za Mramoriranu Šaru Pasa Pomoću Metoda Molekularne Genetike

et al. 2015

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Genome-wide linkage scan localizes the harlequin locus in the Great Dane to chromosome 9

Clark

Starr

Tsai

et al. 2008

Gene

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Molecular genetics of coat colour, texture and length in the dog.

Kaelin¹,

Barsh²,

Ostrander³

et al. 2012

The Genetics of the Dog

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The genetics of coat variation is a powerful system for studying the fundamental aspects of gene action and the evolutionary mechanisms that give rise to morphological diversity. The domestic dog is an ideal platform for this approach due to the variety of coat colours, textures and patterns represented among modern breeds, and a unique population history that facilitates efficient and precise gene localization. Topics discussed are evolutionary history of the domestic dog and application to gene mapping; pigment cell development and survival; generalized pigment dilution; pigment-type switching; genetics of hair structure in the domestic dog; and hair follicle development and biology.

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Canine SINEs and Their Effects on Phenotypes of the Domestic Dog

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Identification of Cryptic Allele for Merle Patterning in Dogs by Molecular Genetics Methods / Identifikacija Skrivenog Alela Za Mramoriranu Šaru Pasa Pomoću Metoda Molekularne Genetike

Identification of Cryptic Allele for Merle Patterning in Dogs by Molecular Genetics Methods / Identifikacija Skrivenog Alela Za Mramoriranu Šaru Pasa Pomoću Metoda Molekularne Genetike

Genome-wide linkage scan localizes the harlequin locus in the Great Dane to chromosome 9

Molecular genetics of coat colour, texture and length in the dog.

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