Molecular genetics of coat colour, texture and length in the dog.

Kaelin, Chris; Barsh, Greg; Ostrander, E. A.; Ruvinsky, A.

doi:10.1079/9781845939403.0057

Cited by 10 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Low MC1R activity results in decreased cAMP production triggering expression of the cysteine transporter SLC7A11, leading to increased pheomelanin synthesis. CBD103 prevents MC1R inhibition by ASIP (adapted from Kaelin et al 2012). ).…”

Section: Agouti (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine coat pigmentation genetics: a review

2021

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Our understanding of canine coat colour genetics and the associated health implications is developing rapidly. To date, there are 15 genes with known roles in canine coat colour phenotypes. Many coat phenotypes result from complex and/or epistatic genetic interactions among variants within and between loci, some of which remain unidentified. Some genes involved in canine pigmentation have been linked to aural, visual and neurological impairments. Consequently, coat pigmentation in the domestic dog retains considerable ethical and economic interest. In this paper we discuss coat colour phenotypes in the domestic dog, the genes and variants responsible for these phenotypes and any proven coat colour-associated health effects.

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Section: Agouti (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3c). This coat colour is present in breeds such as the German Shepherd and the Schnauzer (Schmutz & Berryere 2007;Kaelin et al 2012). Dominant over AG (VP2-HPC2), SY (VP2-HPC1) is distinguished by increased expression of ASIP during the hair cycle.…”

Section: Agouti (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine coat pigmentation genetics: a review

2021

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“…Coat coloration and pattern in mammals is caused by the production of just two types of pigments: black-brown eumelanin and red-yellow pheomelanin [ 6 ]. These pigments are produced by melanocytes in organelles called melanosomes that are then transferred out to hair and skin cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on inheritance, Little [ 9 ] defined the genetic nomenclature of dog coat color alleles still used today (summarised by Kaelin and Barsh [ 6 ]). For example, Little described the S-locus (Spotting), subsequently mapped to the MITF -gene, E-locus (Extension), later mapped to the MC1R -gene, the A-locus (Agouti), later mapped to the ASIP -gene and the RALY -gene that Little originally believed was an allele of the A-locus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Regions Associated with Variation in Pigmentation Loss in Saddle Tan Beagles

Nord

Jensen

2021

Genes

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Loss of pigmentation is a hallmark of domestication, and dogs offer a unique model for understanding the genetics of fur coloration. The aim of this study was to use dense genetic mapping to map loci underlying variations in color and whiteness in a population of laboratory beagles. A total of 190 beagles with well-defined pedigrees were phenotyped for the amount of white color in six different body parts, including the saddle. All individuals were genotyped on 85,172 informative and valid SNP-markers and the genome-wide associations for the amount of white in each body part were determined. There was a large variation in the amount of white on different parts of the body, and the whiteness was highly correlated within individuals, except for saddle color which was only moderately correlated with overall whiteness. The GWAS showed significant associations with two loci, one on chromosome 5, containing the MC1R gene, and one on chromosome 20, containing the MITF gene. Our results suggest that the variation in loss of pigmentation is largely a function of regulatory variation related to these genes.

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“…Therefore, the formation of different skin and coat colors is determined by the regulation of genes, which can change the progression/differentiation of melanocytes or the process of melanin synthesis. The molecular genetic mechanism of coat color variation has previously been investigated in pigs [4,5] and many of the genes that control coat color in this animal also regulate coat color in other species [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Coding Genes and Non-Coding RNAs Reveals Complex Regulatory Networks Underlying the Black Back and White Belly Coat Phenotype in Chinese Wuzhishan Pigs

Liu

Chao

et al. 2019

Genes

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Coat color is one of the most important characteristics for distinguishing Chinese indigenous pig breeds. In Wuzhishan pigs, the animals have black on the back and white on the abdomen. However, the molecular genetic basis of this phenotype is unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare expression profiles of coding and non-coding RNAs from white and black skin samples obtained from individual Wuzhishan pigs. The expression profiling revealed that 194 lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs), 189 mRNAs (messenger RNAs), and 162 miRNAs (microRNAs) had significantly different levels of expression (|log2 fold change| > 1, p-value < 0.05) in white and black skin. Compared to RNA levels in black skin, white skin had higher levels of expression of 185 lncRNAs, 181 mRNAs, and 23 miRNAs and lower levels of expression of 9 lncRNAs, 8 mRNAs, and 139 miRNAs. Functional analysis suggested that the differentially expressed transcripts are involved in biological processes such as melanin biosynthesis, pigmentation and tyrosine metabolism. Several key genes involved in melanogenesis, including MLANA, PMEL, TYR, TYRP1, DTC, TRPM1 and CAMK2A, had significantly different levels of expression in the two skin tissues. Potential lncRNA–miRNA–gene interactions were also examined. A total of 15 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs and 7 genes formed 23 lncRNA–miRNA–gene pairs, suggesting that complex regulatory networks of coding and non-coding genes underlie the coat color trait in Wuzhishan pigs. Our study provides a foundation for understanding how lncRNA, miRNA and genes interact to regulate coat color in black-back/white-belly pigs. We also constructed lncRNA–miRNA–gene interaction networks to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying skin physiology and melanogenesis. The results extend our knowledge about the diversity of coat color among different domestic animals and provide a foundation for studying novel mechanisms that control coat color in Chinese indigenous pigs.

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Molecular genetics of coat colour, texture and length in the dog.

Cited by 10 publications

References 78 publications

Canine coat pigmentation genetics: a review

Canine coat pigmentation genetics: a review

Genomic Regions Associated with Variation in Pigmentation Loss in Saddle Tan Beagles

Transcriptomic Analysis of Coding Genes and Non-Coding RNAs Reveals Complex Regulatory Networks Underlying the Black Back and White Belly Coat Phenotype in Chinese Wuzhishan Pigs

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