Cannabis Phytomolecule 'Entourage': From Domestication to Medical Use

Koltai, Hinanit; Namdar, Dvora

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2020.04.007

Cited by 76 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Chemotype, location of cultivation, conditions of cultivation, season of cultivation, weather and microclimate, stage of plant development, method of processing after harvest, method of storage, storage time before analysis, part of a plant for analysis, and method of sample processing for analysis -all these parameters affect the results of the analysis. So far, changes in the content of cannabinoid substances during the growing season have been studied [47][48][49][50] and also dynamics of changes of cannabinoids and terpenes/terpenoids during vegetation period [51,52].…”

Section: Entourage Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenes/Terpenoids in Cannabis: Are They Important?

Hanŭs

Hod²

2020

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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Cannabis sativa plant has not only cannabinoids as crucial compounds but also the other compounds that play important role as synergistic and/or entourage compound. Cannabis/hemp plant materials and essential oils were analyzed with the help of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detector for the content of terpenes and terpenoids. The main terpenes/terpenoids and their abundance in the samples were evaluated. Results of this study will be helpful in the next evaluation of these compound in mixture with cannabinoids and their importance in medical treatment.

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Section: Entourage Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenes/Terpenoids in Cannabis: Are They Important?

Hanŭs

Hod²

2020

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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“…In Thailand, for instance, as from 2020, annabis strains such as กั ญชง (hemp) and กั ญชา (marijuana) are legally grown for industrial fiber or edicinal purposes under the controlled level of active metabolites including cannabinoids of Δ9etrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) [6]. While focus has paid attention primarily to he bioactive functions of the cannabinoids, the hydrocarbon terpenes could also offer interesting ntourage effects that could ideally synergize or downstream their effects [7]. Eminently, with the Terpenes arana Rose Sommano 1,2,3, *, Chuda Chittasupho 3,4 , Warintorn Ruksiriwanich 3,4 and ensak Jantrawut 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cannabis Terpenes

et al. 2020

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Terpenes are the primary constituents of essential oils and are responsible for the aroma characteristics of cannabis. Together with the cannabinoids, terpenes illustrate synergic and/or entourage effect and their interactions have only been speculated in for the last few decades. Hundreds of terpenes are identified that allude to cannabis sensory attributes, contributing largely to the consumer’s experiences and market price. They also enhance many therapeutic benefits, especially as aromatherapy. To shed light on the importance of terpenes in the cannabis industry, the purpose of this review is to morphologically describe sources of cannabis terpenes and to explain the biosynthesis and diversity of terpene profiles in different cannabis chemovars.

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“…The “entourage effect” as the enhanced activity of combinations of phytocannabinoids was first recognized by Mechoulam and Ben-Shabat [ 30 ]. We suggested that the “entourage effect” was one of the main motivations and considerations in the domestication of cannabis [ 31 ]. Synergy in cannabis was recently demonstrated between phytocannabinoids [ 32 , 33 ] and further between phytocannabinoids and terpenes [ 34 ].…”

Section: Taking Advantage Of the “Entourage Effect”mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we suggest that the selection of combinations of highly active plant ingredients (APIs) from cannabis may open up new opportunities for drug development to treat various medical conditions [ 31 ]. Identifying the APIs and their specific compositions within a plant extract, followed by the manufacture of a pure and quantifiable compositions, may lead to pharmaceutical drugs inspired by or based on only the beneficial compounds in cannabis for a certain medical condition.…”

Section: Taking Advantage Of the “Entourage Effect”mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identifying the APIs and their specific compositions within a plant extract, followed by the manufacture of a pure and quantifiable compositions, may lead to pharmaceutical drugs inspired by or based on only the beneficial compounds in cannabis for a certain medical condition. Importantly, these might be targeted to specific mechanisms involved with different diseases [ 31 , 33 , 37 ].…”

Section: Taking Advantage Of the “Entourage Effect”mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronological Review and Rational and Future Prospects of Cannabis-Based Drug Development

et al. 2020

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Despite the surge in cannabis chemistry research and its biological and medical activity, only a few cannabis-based pharmaceutical-grade drugs have been developed and marketed to date. Not many of these drugs are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, and some are still going through regulation processes. Active compounds including cannabinergic compounds (i.e., molecules targeted to modulate the endocannabinoid system) or phytocannabinoid analogues (cannabinoids produced by the plant) may be developed into single-molecule drugs. However, since in many cases treatment with whole-plant extract (whether as a solvent extraction, galenic preparation, or crude oil) is preferred over treatment with a single purified molecule, some more recently developed cannabis-derived drugs contain several molecules. Different combinations of active plant ingredients (API) from cannabis with proven synergies may be identified and developed as drugs to treat different medical conditions. However, possible negative effects between cannabis compounds should also be considered, as well as the effect of the cannabis treatment on the endocannabinoid system. FDA registration of single, few, or multiple molecules as drugs is a challenging process, and certain considerations that should be reviewed in this process, including issues of drug–drug interactions, are also discussed here.

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Cannabis Phytomolecule 'Entourage': From Domestication to Medical Use

Cited by 76 publications

References 57 publications

Terpenes/Terpenoids in <b><i>Cannabis</i></b>: Are They Important?

Terpenes/Terpenoids in <b><i>Cannabis</i></b>: Are They Important?

The Cannabis Terpenes

Chronological Review and Rational and Future Prospects of Cannabis-Based Drug Development

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