Cannabis sativa: the unconventional “weed” allergen

Ocampo, Thad L.; Rans, Tonya S.

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2015.01.004

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…KCNIP4 has been identified as an asthma gene (42). Marijuana has been linked to the cause as well as treatment for many respiratory diseases including asthma (9,43). Another interesting lncRNA is Appbp2os.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-seq Analysis of δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-treated T Cells Reveals Altered Gene Expression Profiles That Regulate Immune Response and Cell Proliferation

Yang

Bam

Nagarkatti

2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Marijuana has drawn significant public attention and concern both for its medicinal and recreational use. ⌬9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the main bioactive component in marijuana, has also been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties by virtue of its ability to activate cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB-2) expressed on immune cells. In this study, we used RNA-seq to quantify the transcriptomes and transcript variants that are differentially regulated by THC in super antigen-activated lymph node cells and CD4 ؉ T cells. We found that the expressions of many transcripts were altered by THC in both total lymph node cells and CD4 ؉ T cells. Furthermore, the abundance of many miRNA precursors and long non-coding RNAs was dramatically altered in THC-treated mice. For example, the expression of miR-17/92 cluster and miR-374b/421 cluster was down-regulated by THC. On the other hand miR146a, which has been shown to induce apoptosis, was up-regulated by THC. Long non-coding RNAs that are expressed from the opposite strand of CD27 and Appbp2 were induced by THC. In addition, THC treatment also caused alternative promoter usage and splicing. The functions of those altered transcripts were mainly related to immune response and cell proliferation.Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) is the most widely used drug of abuse in the United States. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that its medicinal value has been known for many centuries and is getting increasing recognition in recent times. Thus, ⌬9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 2 the major psychoactive principle in marijuana, is used for medicinal purposes such as for pain relief as well as an anti-emetic and appetite stimulant during cancer chemotherapy and in HIV/AIDS patients (1). In addition, marijuana is widely known anecdotally for its use to relieve pain, and prevent seizures in patients with epilepsy. Because of the potential therapeutic value of marijuana in a variety of clinical disorders, 23 states and the District of Columbia currently have laws legalizing marijuana for medicinal use. Four states and the District of Columbia have also legalized marijuana for recreational use. Clearly, legalization of marijuana for medicinal or recreational purposes raises significant questions on its long term use/abuse and the impact on human health.THC has also been shown to modulate immune response primarily through activation of cannabinoid receptors (CB2) expressed primarily on cells of the immune system (2-4). In general, most studies have shown that THC has immunosuppressive properties mediated through multiple pathways (2, 5, 6). For example, it has been shown that THC suppresses Th1, whereas promoting Th2 cells (7). THC has also been shown to induce apoptosis in immune cells (8, 9), and induce myeloidderived suppressor cells and Tregs, which are known to inhibit T cell proliferation (10 -12). Moreover, induction of myeloidderived suppressor cell by THC is associated with altered microRNA expression (13). Our previous studies have shown that epigenetic modifications such as...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-seq Analysis of δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-treated T Cells Reveals Altered Gene Expression Profiles That Regulate Immune Response and Cell Proliferation

Yang

Bam

Nagarkatti

2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Consequently, sensitization to Can s 3 might be an explanation for the high variety of secondary plant-derived food allergies seen in European patients with a cannabis allergy. This, sometimes extensive, cross-reactivity between cannabis and plant-derived food has been described in multiple studies (6,8,35,38) and was recently designated as the 'cannabisfruit/vegetable syndrome' (8,40). The foods most commonly implicated in this allergy syndrome are peach, apple, nuts, tomato and occasionally citrus fruit as orange and grapefruit.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, respiratory reactions like rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and palpebral angioedema have been described. These reactions predominantly occur when cannabis is consumed by smoking or vaporizing (for review: (6, 35)) but can also arise from passive second-hand exposure to cannabis smoke, indirect cutaneous transmission (8,24) or inhalation of C. sativa pollen (6,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnosis of cannabis allergy was documented by a positive scratch test and passive transfer studies (16). Today, no information is available about the prevalence of IgE-mediated C. sativa allergy but it is likely that cannabis allergy will be an increasing problem in the future, partly in the settings of its evolving legal status (6).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When used, it can be consumed by smoking, vaporizing or gastrointestinal ingestion. In addition to hempseed and hempseed oil, derivatives of dried flowers or resinous extract can be incorporated in food and ingested (4)(5)(6). C. sativa in the form of industrial hemp containing lower amounts of THC is commercially used for fibre, cosmetics and clothing.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cannabis sativaallergy: looking through the fog

Decuyper

Gasse

Cop

et al. 2016

Allergy

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IgE-mediated Cannabis (C. sativa, marihuana) allergy seems to be on the rise. Both active and passive exposure to cannabis allergens may trigger a C. sativa sensitization and/or allergy. The clinical presentation of a C. sativa allergy varies from mild to life-threatening reactions and often seems to depend on the route of exposure. In addition, sensitization to cannabis allergens can result in various cross-allergies, mostly for plant foods. This clinical entity, designated as the 'cannabis-fruit/vegetable syndrome', might also imply cross-reactivity with tobacco, natural latex and plant-food-derived alcoholic beverages. Hitherto, these crossallergies are predominantly reported in Europe and appear mainly to rely upon cross-reactivity between nonspecific lipid transfer proteins or thaumatin-like proteins present in C. sativa and their homologues, ubiquitously distributed throughout plant kingdom. At present, diagnosis of cannabis-related allergies predominantly rests upon a thorough history completed with skin testing using native extracts from crushed buds and leaves. However, quantification of specific IgE antibodies and basophil activation tests can also be helpful to establish correct diagnosis. In the absence of a cure, treatment comprises absolute avoidance measures. Whether avoidance of further use will halt the extension of related cross-allergies remains uncertain.Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) is an annual, dioecious and anemophilous flowering plant (order: Rosales, family Cannabaceae) that is native to central and southern Asia and the Caucasian region. Different preparations [dried flowering tops, hashish, hashish oil] are obtained from cannabis varieties containing elevated levels of cannabinoids, especially delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), several of them being more or less potent psychoactive substances. Although, today, cannabis use is still illegal in most countries, it is widespread for its relaxing and euphoric effects. Furthermore, worldwide the illegal status of the drug has gained more and more resistance recently, resulting in legalization of both sale and possession of marijuana in Colorado, Alaska, Oregan and Washington, for example, both for medicinal and recreational use (1). Different European countries are debating the legalization of cannabis as well. While consumption of cannabis has been legal under certain conditions for a while

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Cannabis

Phalen¹

2020

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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The cannabis industry has burgeoned in recent years and industrial hygienists are becoming more involved with the protection of workers who cultivate, harvest, process, and distribute these goods to the public. Law enforcement agencies involved with this industry also need to be aware of the associated hazards and controls necessary to protect their agents. To protect workers, industrial hygienists need to understand the production processes, goods produced, and be informed of the recognized hazards within the industry. The biological hazards include exposures to mold, allergens, and sensitizers. The chemical hazards include exposures to cannabinoids and terpenes from the Cannabis sativa plant, pesticides used during cultivation, extraction solvents, carbon dioxide used to enhance plant growth or in processing extracts, and carbon monoxide from combustion sources. The physical hazards include ergonomic issues with cultivation and harvesting, exposure to UV light outside and within indoor grow operations, heat stress, and potentially noise. The aim is to provide industrial hygienists enough background information and technical knowledge for proper recognition, evaluation, and control of the various known biological, chemical, and physical hazards associated with the industry, with a major focus on medical and recreational marijuana production.

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Cannabis sativa: the unconventional “weed” allergen

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

RNA-seq Analysis of δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-treated T Cells Reveals Altered Gene Expression Profiles That Regulate Immune Response and Cell Proliferation

RNA-seq Analysis of δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-treated T Cells Reveals Altered Gene Expression Profiles That Regulate Immune Response and Cell Proliferation

Cannabis sativaallergy: looking through the fog

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