Canola oil compared with sesame and sesame‐canola oil on glycaemic control and liver function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A three‐way randomized triple‐blind cross‐over trial

Abstract

Background This study aimed to compare the effects of sesame (SO), canola (CO), and sesame‐canola (SCO: a blend) oils on glycaemic control markers and liver function enzymes in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods In this randomized, triple‐blind, three‐way, cross‐over clinical trial, participants replaced their usual oil with the intervention oils for 9 weeks. Serum fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin (FSI), insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR), beta‐cell function (HOMA2‐%B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2‐%S), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), as well as serum liver function enzymes were measured at baseline and end of intervention periods. Results Ninety‐two participants completed all treatment periods. After adjusting for confounders, all treatment oils resulted in significant improvements in FSI and HOMA2‐%S (p < 0.05). SO and SCO led to favourable changes in HOMA2‐IR and QUICKI (p < 0.05). Following CO and SCO, there was a significant decrease in HOMA2‐%B (p < 0.05). The sex‐stratified analysis revealed that FSI and HOMA2‐IR were decreased after SO compared to CO in males (p = 0.024). Serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) was significantly lower following SO compared to CO in females (p = 0.02), however, the difference in change values was not significant (p = 0.058). Conclusions SO consumption appears to improve glycaemic control markers in males and serum GGT in females compared with CO in patients with type 2 diabetes (registration code: IRCT2016091312571N6).

Effects of sesame, canola and sesame‐canola oils on body weight and composition in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple‐blind, cross‐over clinical trial

“…29 The results of our parent project 30 on other health-related aspects have been reported elsewhere. 29,[31][32][33] Because the metabolic responses to dietary interventions may differ between healthy individuals and those with chronic diseases, we examined the effects of dietary CO, SO and SCO on body weight and composition, which were assessed as secondary outcomes in a large controlled clinical trial conducted in patients with T2DM. In addition, although sex-specific effects are well acknowledged in some area of research, 34 they are not sufficiently elucidated in nutrition research studies.…”

The Effects of Sesame Consumption on Glycemic Control in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trial

“…General characteristics of the included studies are reported in Table 1 . These studies were published between 2006 and 2020 and were conducted in Iran [ 14 , 25 , 26 , 28 ], India [ 16 , 27 ], Brazil [ 24 ], and Pakistan [ 15 ]. The age of the participants and the duration of intervention were 18–70 years and 6–12 weeks, respectively.…”

“…Only one article was conducted on women [ 24 ], and all other trials included males and females [ 14 – 16 , 25 – 28 ]. Sesame was evaluated as sesame oil [ 15 , 16 , 26 – 28 ], sesame seed [ 24 , 25 ], and sesamin supplement [ 14 ]. Six RCTs had a parallel design [ 14 – 16 , 24 , 25 , 28 ], while two studies had a crossover design [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Beyond Fish Oil Supplementation: The Effects of Alternative Plant Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids upon Lipid Indexes and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers—An Overview

“…The abundance of oleic acid in rapeseed oil may support its beneficial properties, as it has been shown that oleic acid elicits improvement on lipids and lipoproteins, as well as reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in humans [89]. The ALA content in rapeseed oil, in turn, is estimated at approximately 6 to 10% of total fatty acids [59,90,91]. Interestingly however, a study found a much lower ALA content in rapeseed oil, ≈1.2% [92].…”

“…A critical interpretation of published studies will see that other plant sources of MUFAs and PUFAs may show positive results in comparison to rapeseed oil. For instance, the consumption of sesame oil was more favourable for glycaemic control markers when compared to rapeseed oil in a recent RCT recruiting individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus [91]. In that study, rapeseed oil increased serum fasting blood glucose (+7.72 ± 3.15 mg/dL, p < 0.05), whilst sesame oil decreased serum insulin (−6.00 ± 1.72 mIU/mL, p < 0.05) levels in a nine-week intervention period.…”