Canonical germinant receptor is dispensable for spore germination in Clostridium botulinum group II strain NCTC 11219

Clauwers, Charlien; Lood, Cédric; Bergh, Bram Van den; Noort, Vera van; Michiels, Chris W.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15839-y

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Analysis of more than 150 C . botulinum Group II genome sequences has revealed the presence of only a single germinant receptor gene cluster ( gerX3b ) in each strain 37 , 40 . The gerX3b GR gene cluster has an unusual CA-B configuration that is different to the standard ABC configuration found in other C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gerX3b GR gene cluster has an unusual CA-B configuration that is different to the standard ABC configuration found in other C . botulinum Groups, as it has a bicistronic organization of gerAC and gerB genes orientated in opposite directions 37 , 40 . However, recently Clauwers et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported that this GR was not essential for amino acid induced spore germination in the C . botulinum Group II serotype E strain NCTC 11219 40 . Deletion of the gerX3b locus in this strain did not affect spore germination induced by a variety of amino acids, indicating that one or more unidentified GR are responsible for nutrient induced germination in strain NCTC 11219, and possibly also in other strains of C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deletion of the gerX3b locus in this strain did not affect spore germination induced by a variety of amino acids, indicating that one or more unidentified GR are responsible for nutrient induced germination in strain NCTC 11219, and possibly also in other strains of C . botulinum Group II 40 . Strain NCTC 11219 belongs to C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…botulinum Group II lineage two) or whether the situation is similar to that reported by Clauwers et al . 40 for strain NCTC 11219. We show that the GerX3b GR does not play a major role in spore germination in strain Eklund 17B, and have also identified a novel orphan germinant receptor, GerXAO, that is essential for amino acid induced germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The orphan germinant receptor protein GerXAO (but not GerX3b) is essential for L-alanine induced germination in Clostridium botulinum Group II

Brunt

Carter

Pye

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic spore forming bacterium that produces the potent botulinum neurotoxin that causes a severe and fatal neuro-paralytic disease of humans and animals (botulism). C. botulinum Group II is a psychrotrophic saccharolytic bacterium that forms spores of moderate heat resistance and is a particular hazard in minimally heated chilled foods. Spore germination is a fundamental process that allows the spore to transition to a vegetative cell and typically involves a germinant receptor (GR) that responds to environmental signals. Analysis of C. botulinum Group II genomes shows they contain a single GR cluster (gerX3b), and an additional single gerA subunit (gerXAO). Spores of C. botulinum Group II strain Eklund 17B germinated in response to the addition of L-alanine, but did not germinate following the addition of exogenous Ca2+-DPA. Insertional inactivation experiments in this strain unexpectedly revealed that the orphan GR GerXAO is essential for L-alanine stimulated germination. GerX3bA and GerX3bC affected the germination rate but were unable to induce germination in the absence of GerXAO. No role could be identified for GerX3bB. This is the first study to identify the functional germination receptor of C. botulinum Group II.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The orphan germinant receptor protein GerXAO (but not GerX3b) is essential for L-alanine induced germination in Clostridium botulinum Group II

Brunt

Carter

Pye

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium botulinum

Rawson,

Dempster,

Humphreys

et al. 2023

Virulence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium botulinum , a polyphyletic Gram-positive taxon of bacteria, is classified purely by their ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the primary virulence factor and the causative agent of botulism. A potentially fatal disease, botulism is classically characterized by a symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis, which is left untreated can lead to respiratory failure and death. Botulism cases are classified into three main forms dependent on the nature of intoxication; foodborne, wound and infant. The BoNT, regarded as the most potent biological substance known, is a zinc metalloprotease that specifically cleaves SNARE proteins at neuromuscular junctions, preventing exocytosis of neurotransmitters, leading to muscle paralysis. The BoNT is now used to treat numerous medical conditions caused by overactive or spastic muscles and is extensively used in the cosmetic industry due to its high specificity and the exceedingly small doses needed to exert long-lasting pharmacological effects. Additionally, the ability to form endospores is critical to the pathogenicity of the bacteria. Disease transmission is often facilitated via the metabolically dormant spores that are highly resistant to environment stresses, allowing persistence in the environment in unfavourable conditions. Infant and wound botulism infections are initiated upon germination of the spores into neurotoxin producing vegetative cells, whereas foodborne botulism is attributed to ingestion of preformed BoNT. C. botulinum is a saprophytic bacterium, thought to have evolved its potent neurotoxin to establish a source of nutrients by killing its host.

show abstract

The fully resolved genome ofBacillus thuringiensisHER1410 reveals acry-containing chromosome, two megaplasmids & an integrative plasmidial prophage

Lechuga

Lood

Salas

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacillus thuringiensis is the most used biopesticide in agriculture. Its entomopathogenic capacity stems from the possession of plasmid-borne insecticidal crystal genes (cry), traditionally used as discriminant taxonomic feature for that species. As such, crystal and plasmid identification are key to the characterization of this species. To date, about 600 B. thuringiensis genomes have been reported, but less than 5% have been resolved, while the other draft genomes are incomplete, precluding plasmid delineation. Here we present the complete genome of Bacillus thuringiensis HER1410, a strain closely related to B. thuringiensis entomocidus and a known host for a variety of Bacillus phages. The combination of short and long-reads techniques allowed fully resolving the genome and delineation of three plasmids. This enabled the accurate detection of an unusual location of a unique cry gene, cry1Ba4, located in a genomic island near the chromosome replication origin. Two megaplasmids, pLUSID1 and pLUSID2 could be delineated: pLUSID1 (368kb), a likely conjugative plasmid involved in virulence, and pLUSID2 potentially related to the sporulation process. A smaller plasmidial prophage pLUSID3, with a dual lifestyle whose integration within the chromosome, causes the disruption of a flagellar key component. Finally, phylogenetic analysis located this strain within a clade comprising members from the B. thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis and other serovars and with B.cereus s. s. This highlights the intermingled taxonomy of B. cereus sensu lato group, where genomics alone does not support the present taxonomy between B. cereus s. s. and B. thuringiensis as species designation currently relies solely on the presence of entomocidal genes.ImportanceBacillus cereus group species have been extensively studied due to their economical and clinical relevance. This importance originally set the basis for B. cereus group members classification which are commonly based on phenotypical criteria. Sequencing era has shed light about genomic characterization of these species, showing their chromosomal genomic similarity and highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements, especially megaplasmids, in the classification and characterization of this group. However, only the 5% of the sequenced B. thuringiensis genomes have been fully resolved. Thus, here we addressed efficiently the study B. thuringiensis HER1410 genomic features by the use of a combination of short and long-reads sequencing. This methodology resulted in the high-quality assembly, which led to the identification of an uncommon location of a cry gene close to the chromosomal origin, as well as three fully resolved extrachromosomal elements, two megaplasmids and an integrative plasmidial prophage.

show abstract

Canonical germinant receptor is dispensable for spore germination in Clostridium botulinum group II strain NCTC 11219

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

The orphan germinant receptor protein GerXAO (but not GerX3b) is essential for L-alanine induced germination in Clostridium botulinum Group II

The orphan germinant receptor protein GerXAO (but not GerX3b) is essential for L-alanine induced germination in Clostridium botulinum Group II

Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium botulinum

The fully resolved genome ofBacillus thuringiensisHER1410 reveals acry-containing chromosome, two megaplasmids & an integrative plasmidial prophage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About