Canvas consolidation survey and treatment requirements for the NANORESTART project

Oriola, Marta; Torroja, Anna Nualart i; Ruiz-Recasens, Cristina; Campo-Francés, G.

doi:10.1201/9781315158648-9

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The original list of criteria selected for the evaluation of treatments for canvas consolidation included: acceptability to conservators (texture, handling, appearance); high stiffness; negligible hygroscopicity; resistance to creep and stress relaxation, durability; reversibility; low extensibility; good elastic recovery; good adhesion to chosen grounds; low cost; availability and ease-of-use to treat paintings of a large format. In 2015, an online survey of 67 conservators [5] conducted as part of the Nanorestart European project 1 concluded that the current expectations and requirements of conservators for the developments of new consolidants for painting canvases had not changed since the 1970s. Those interviewed agreed that the essential criteria in choosing a consolidation product ought to be canvas strengthening, resilience to aging, and reversibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic mechanical assessment of consolidants for canvas reinforcement under controlled environment

Bridarolli

Torroja

Chevalier³

et al. 2020

Herit Sci

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In conservation, adhesives are commonly used for the consolidation of canvases, yet their impact upon the canvas longevity has raised some concerns amongst conservators. As such, this study presents a testing protocol developed to assess the performance of commonly-used adhesives (natural animal glue and synthetic Beva ® 371) and a newly developed nanocellulose consolidant, nanofibrillated nanocellulose (CNF). This includes their effect on the visual appearance, consolidation, and response of the mechanical properties of the treated canvases to programmed changes in relative humidity (RH). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of animal glue-and Beva ® 371-treated canvases revealed the presence of adhesive and consolidant on and in-between cotton fibres. The consolidants form bridges linking and connecting the cotton fibres and holding them together, whereas the CNF treatment, formed a visible continuous and dense surface coating. None of the treatments induced any discernible colour change. Controlled environment mechanical testing was performed in two ways: by applying a linearly increasing static force at fixed RH (Young's modulus) and by applying a dynamic force together with a programmed RH cycling between 20 and 80% (RH dependent viscoelastic properties). CNF gave a higher value of Young's modulus than either of the two commonly-used materials. Measurements at different values of RH (20 and 80%) demonstrated for all the treated canvases that at the lower value (RH 20%) Young's modulus values were higher than at the higher value (RH 80%). Besides, the dynamic mode showed that the rate of response in all cases was rapid and reversible and that the nanofibrillated cellulose treated sample showed the highest variation in storage (or elastic) modulus measured at the end of RH plateaux (20 and 80% RH). Thus CNF appears to be a promising material given its higher mechanical performance. The protocol developed in this study has enabled us to examine and compare candidate materials for the consolidation of canvases systematically, using testing parameters that remained relevant to the field of canvas conservation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic mechanical assessment of consolidants for canvas reinforcement under controlled environment

Bridarolli

Torroja

Chevalier³

et al. 2020

Herit Sci

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“…Such an approach would be very welcome by the conservation community. 9 For the last 15 years, NC has been widely studied as a material for reinforcing paper owing to its mechanical, 10,11 optical, 12 and barrier properties, 13 as well as to its tunability through functionalization. 14,15 It is expected that its use will grow significantly due to an increased demand for sustainability.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using nanocellulose as a consolidant could be a way to reinforce weak canvases by providing a solution more compatible with the painting’s cellulose-based support and could also possibly help avoid a lining. Such an approach would be very welcome by the conservation community . For the last 15 years, NC has been widely studied as a material for reinforcing paper owing to its mechanical, , optical, and barrier properties, as well as to its tunability through functionalization. , It is expected that its use will grow significantly due to an increased demand for sustainability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Adhesion and Performance of Natural Consolidants for Cotton Canvas Conservation

Bridarolli

Odlyha

Nechyporchuk

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Recent developments in paper and canvas conservation have seen the introduction of nanocellulose (NC) as a compatible treatment for the consolidation of historical cellulosic artifacts and manuscripts. However, as part of the assessment of these new materials for canvas consolidation, the adhesion of the consolidation treatment (which takes place between the applied material and the substrate) has not yet been evaluated, and as a result, it is poorly understood by both the scientific and conservation communities. After evaluating the potential of NC treatments for the consolidation of cotton painting canvas, we investigate a route to promote the interaction between the existing canvas and the nanocellulose treatment, which is in our case made of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). This was carried out by introducing a cationic polymer, polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAAE), as an intermediate layer between the canvas and the CNF. The morphological, chemical, and mechanical evaluation of the canvas samples at different relative humidity (RH) levels demonstrated how the adhesion of the added PAAE layer is a dominant factor in the consolidation process. Improvement in the coating of canvas single fibers by the CNF, higher adhesion energy between the canvas fibers and the CNF treatment, and finally overall stronger canvas reinforcement were observed following the introduction of PAAE. However, an increase in mechanical response to moisture sorption and desorption was also observed for the PAAE-treated canvases. Overall, this study shows the complexity of such systems and, as such, the relevance of using a multiscale approach for their assessment.

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Canvas consolidation survey and treatment requirements for the NANORESTART project

Cited by 2 publications

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Systematic mechanical assessment of consolidants for canvas reinforcement under controlled environment

Systematic mechanical assessment of consolidants for canvas reinforcement under controlled environment

Evaluation of the Adhesion and Performance of Natural Consolidants for Cotton Canvas Conservation

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