“…To the best of our knowledge, there is no instrument for directly simultaneously measuring 6DOF geometric motion errors of a rotary axis. There are many kinds of the indirect measurement methods, such as ball bar tests, R test, probing of artifacts, tracking interferometer, and machining tests [19,20,21,22,23,24,25]. These methods can be used to measure geometric motion errors of machine tools, and have the advantages of high measurement efficiency and simple measurement configuration.…”