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Femtosecond laser pulses have been extensively employed to achieve 3D micro‐ and nanofabrication in various materials for a broad variety of applications. LiNbO3 crystal is a multifunctional material due to its combination of a number of excellent properties. By using femtosecond laser direct writing, various structures have been fabricated in LiNbO3 crystals based on the refractive index changes, surface morphology modifications, or domain structures to realize intriguing applications in integrated photonics. Herein, a state‐of‐the‐art review is provided on the femtosecond laser processing of LiNbO3 crystals, including the fabrication of diverse photonic structures and applications in nonlinear optics. To conclude, a brief outlook with a few potential spotlights is presented.

The analytical expressions for the cross-spectral density and average intensity of Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) vortex beams propagating through oceanic turbulence are obtained by using the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the spatial power spectrum of the refractive index of ocean water. The evolution behavior of GSM vortex beams through oceanic turbulence is studied in detail by numerical simulation. It is shown that the evolution behavior of coherent vortices and average intensity depends on the oceanic turbulence including the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid, rate of dissipation of mean-square temperature, relative strength of temperature salinity fluctuations, and beam parameters including the spatial correlation length and topological charge of the beams, as well as the propagation distance.