Capacitated Human Migration Networks and Subsidization

Attracting international migrant labor: Investment optimization to alleviate supply chain labor shortages

“…In addition, the contributions in this paper add to the growing literature on network models of human migration using the theory of variational inequalities (cf. [21] , [23] , [24] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] ) but with significant differences in that here we use wages to be earned as a proxy for utility and also include supply chain network aspects, since we are focusing on labor migration. Such models are all mathematical models, as is the model in this paper.…”

“…This paper aims to integrate and advance two streams of literature, which have received significant attention in the pandemic: that of incorporating labor into supply chain network modeling, analysis, and computations (see [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] ) and problems of human migration, which have been exacerbated under COVID-19 (cf. [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ). Specifically, in this paper, we construct a supply chain network optimization model that captures the profit-maximizing behavior of a firm with respect to its supply chain network activities of production at multiple sites, the transport of the product to multiple storage sites, the storage at these facilities, and, finally, the ultimate distribution of the product to multiple points of demand.…”

Optimization of supply chain networks with inclusion of labor: Applications to COVID-19 pandemic disruptions

“…Since the incorporation of labor in supply chain networks has not attained much attention in the literature, the modeling of labor and impacts of availability, as revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic, is understudied and, hence, the literature on this topic is not yet well-developed. Nagurney (2020) , inspired by the COVID-19 pandemic and the severe negative impacts on various food industries, in particular (see also Singh et al (2020) ), proposed a supply chain network optimization model for perishable food items that included labor. However, in contrast to the new model in this paper, labor limits were only imposed on specific links in the supply chain networks.…”

Disaster relief supply chain design for personal protection equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Nagurney [28] developed a supply chain network using mathematical modeling concentrated on labor availability during the COVID-19 pandemic for industries and businesses. In other researches considering COVID-19 circumstances, she and her collaborators also carried out studies on a variety of subjects, including presenting a model for demand competition on medical supplies and designing supply chain networks for perishable food [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] .…”