The relevance of the study is related to the growing need for efficient production of hydrocarbons in the difficult geological conditions of western Turkmenistan to ensure energy security and economic development of the region in the changing global oil and gas market. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the geological, technical, and economic aspects of drilling ultra-deep wells in difficult geological conditions of western Turkmenistan to assess their potential feasibility and contribution to the energy infrastructure of the region. The study used analytical, functional, and statistical methods, classification, and synthesis. The prospects for drilling wells in difficult and extreme geological conditions of western Turkmenistan were identified. The analysis of the current state of prospecting and exploration in this region was carried out, while the main attention was paid to the investigation of the main difficulties faced by drillers when working with deep horizons of the reedbeds. As a result of the conducted research, general principles and recommendations aimed at overcoming these problems were developed. Despite the successful introduction of modern technical and technological innovations that meet international standards when drilling deep and ultra-deep wells in the West Turkmen depression, the study emphasized that the existing drilling problems have not yet been eliminated. This study will provide valuable recommendations and information for making informed decisions when developing and implementing projects for drilling ultra-deep wells in difficult geological conditions, contributing to effective resource management and development of the oil and gas industry in western Turkmenistan.