Capacity Building and Market Intervention for Refugees: A Study of Current and Future Direction towards Sustainable Refugee Management

Abstract

The number of refugees has increased for a decade leading to seek an alternative approach to managing refugees globally. This research will explore the current management of refugees and future direction towards sustainably managing refugees. While the UNHCR has a role in particularly resettling refugees to developed countries, states also have the authority to integrate refugees with local people under the Refugee Convention in 1951. The methodology used is a quantitative study through a statistical descriptive analysis from secondary sources and literature reviews. The result shows that states are reluctant to have a new arrival of refugees into their territories, while the UNHCR currently faces difficulties in resettling refugees to third countries. As a result, refugees are waiting with uncertainty and without livelihood opportunities in transiting countries. In regards to this issue, it seems necessary to have a capacity building and market intervention for the future direction of sustainable refugee management through a partnership with private sectors under the SDGs and other global agenda. These will equip refugees with skill development to enhance self-reliance as well as labor opportunities entering the future market places.

The Plight of Refugees in ASEAN Member Countries

“…67 Thus, UNHCR require to for a partnership relations with different actor including private sector, and in the Asia-Pacific, business leaders are involved to create an advantage through partnership in the Bali Process Declaration to overcome human trafficking, people smuggling, and other transnational crimes. 68 Moreover, the shortcomings of 1951 Convention could be improved through time as long as the task of states, international institutions and refugee lawyers are gradually to fill the shortcomings through further codification, soft law, judicial outcomes, best practice and general interpretation. 69 There are several improvements from 1951 convention to the 1967 protocol which the dissolution of the geographical and temporal limitations and the gradual acceptance of the definition to encompass gender-related or sexual orientation-based persecution 70 .…”

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and education for Rohingya refugees in Malaysia

“…To enhance the capability of UNHCR as an international body which focus on the refugee's problem, this body has officially to be part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [4] . The 2030 Agenda which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 25 September 2015 has identified the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that need to be achieved for all people around the world.…”