Capillary-driven microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for lab on a chip screening of explosive residues in soil

Ueland, Maiken; Blanes, Lucas; Taudte, Regina Verena; Stuart, Barbara H.; Cole, Nerida; Willis, Peter; Roux, Claude; Doble, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.01.054

Cited by 59 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Recent examples include environmental analysis [1], biomolecular separations [2, 3], and mobile heath diagnostics [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward miniaturized analysis of chemical identity and purity of radiopharmaceuticals via microchip electrophoresis

Cheung

et al. 2018

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Miniaturized synthesis of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is poised to offer numerous advantages including reduced tracer production costs and increased availability of diverse tracers. While many steps of the tracer production process have been miniaturized, there has been relatively little development of microscale systems for the quality control (QC) testing process that is required by regulatory agencies to ensure purity, identity, and biological safety of the radiotracer before use in human subjects. Every batch must be tested, and in contrast with ordinary pharmaceuticals, the whole set of tests of radiopharmaceuticals must be completed within a short-period of time to minimize losses due to radioactive decay. By replacing conventional techniques with microscale analytical ones, it may be possible to significantly reduce instrument cost, conserve lab space, shorten analysis times, and streamline this aspect of PET tracer production. We focus in this work on miniaturizing the subset of QC tests for chemical identity and purity. These tests generally require high-resolution chromatographic separation prior to detection to enable the approach to be applied to many different tracers (and their impurities), and have not yet, to the best of our knowledge, been tackled in microfluidic systems. Toward this end, we previously explored the feasibility of using the technique of capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a replacement for the "gold standard" approach of using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) since CE offers similar separating power, flexibility, and sensitivity, but can readily be implemented in a microchip format. Using a conventional CE system, we previously demonstrated the successful separation of non-radioactive version of a clinical PET tracer, 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine (FLT), from its known by-products, and the separation of the PET tracer 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-cytosine (D-FAC) from its α-isomer, with sensitivity nearly as good as HPLC. Building on this feasibility study, in this paper, we describe the first effort to miniaturize the chemical identity and purity tests by using microchip electrophoresis (MCE). The fully automated proof-of-concept system comprises a chip for sample injection, a separation capillary, and an optical detection chip. Using the same model compound (FLT and its known by-products), we demonstrate that samples can be injected, separated, and detected, and show the potential to match the performance of HPLC. Addition of a radiation detector in the future would enable analysis of radiochemical identity and purity in the same device. We envision that eventually this MCE method could be combined with other miniaturized QC tests into a compact integrated system for automated routine QC testing of radiopharmaceuticals in the future. Graphical abstract Miniaturized quality control (QC) testing of batches of radiopharmaceuticals via microfluidic analysis. The proof-of-concept hybrid microchip electrophoresis (MCE) device demonstrated the fea...

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“…Recent examples include environmental analysis [1], biomolecular separations [2, 3], and mobile heath diagnostics [4]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward miniaturized analysis of chemical identity and purity of radiopharmaceuticals via microchip electrophoresis

Cheung

et al. 2018

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Since its introduction by the Whitesides group in 2007, microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (μPADs) have become an expanding research field with applications encompassing a breadth of scientific disciplines . A wide array of fabrication processes has been detailed in the literature as have detection techniques focused mainly on colorimetric types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic thread‐based electrode system to detect glucose and acetylthiocholine

et al. 2018

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A reusable and simple to fabricate electrochemical sensor for the detection of glucose and acetylthiocholine using thread‐based electrodes and nylon thread is described. The fabrication of the device consisted of two steps. First, three nylon‐based electrodes (reference, working, and counter) were painted with one layer of conductive inks (silver and carbon ink, or silver/silver chloride ink). The electrodes were taped onto parafilm, and a piece of white nylon thread was wrapped around each electrode connecting the three electrodes. For the glucose system, a PBS solution containing glucose oxidase (GOx) (10 mg/mL), and potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) (10 mg/mL) as mediator, was dried onto the thread, and increasing concentrations of glucose (0–15 mM) was added to the thread and measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The current output from the glucose oxidation was proportional to the concentration of glucose. For the second system, a solution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (0.08 U/mL) in PBS was added to the nylon thread, and increasing concentrations of acetylthiocholine (ATC) (0–9.84 mg/mL) was added and measured by CV. The current output from the oxidation of thiocholine (produced by AChE reacting with ATC) was proportional to the concentrations of ATC added to the thread. From both systems, a graph of current output versus substrate concentration was produced and fitted with a linear regression line that gave R2 values of 0.985 (GOX/glucose) and 0.995 (AChE/ATC).

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“…A MLG-composite lamina is obtained via spontaneous capillary-driven filling (SCDF) of microchannels with an MLG-polymer mixture at 1 wt % of MLG. The SCDF of microchannels has been widely studied for different applications, such as ink-jet printing, lab-on-chip and underfilling of a flip chip [29,30,31,32], but to the best of our knowledge, it has never been applied to produce a strain sensor with a highly reliable response. The aim of this work is to take advantage of the SCDF method in order to achieve maximum stability of the sensor response under loading/unloading conditions and monotonic increasing load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Mechanical Properties of Multilayer Graphene-Based Polymeric Composite Obtained through a Capillary Rise Method

Acquarelli

Paliotta

Bellis

et al. 2016

Sensors

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A new sensor made of a vinyl-ester polymer composite filled with multilayer graphene nanoplatelets (MLG) is produced through an innovative capillary rise method for application in strain sensing and structural health monitoring. The new sensor is characterized by high stability of the piezoresistive response under quasi-static consecutive loading/unloading cycles and monotonic tests. This is due to the peculiarity of the fabrication process that ensures a smooth and clean surface of the sensor, without the presence of filler agglomerates acting as micro- or macro-sized defects in the composite.

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Capillary-driven microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for lab on a chip screening of explosive residues in soil

Cited by 59 publications

References 33 publications

Toward miniaturized analysis of chemical identity and purity of radiopharmaceuticals via microchip electrophoresis

Toward miniaturized analysis of chemical identity and purity of radiopharmaceuticals via microchip electrophoresis

Microfluidic thread‐based electrode system to detect glucose and acetylthiocholine

Electro-Mechanical Properties of Multilayer Graphene-Based Polymeric Composite Obtained through a Capillary Rise Method

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