Capillary electrophoresis methods for impurity profiling of drugs: A review of the past decade

Shah, M. S.; Patel, Nrupesh; Nagja, Tripathi; Vyas, Vivek K.

doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2021.06.009

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…IdentIfy ImpurItIes A n d forced degrAdAnt products [18] New drug improvement procedure necessitates the era of significant and dependable analytical facts at different stages of the process. A new pharmaceutical compound or medicinal drug must meet current purity requirements as a drug product to be viewed safe.…”

Section: The Following Methods C a N B E U S E D Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Impurities in Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors by Profiling Techniques

Shelke¹,

Lokhande

Pardeshi

et al. 2022

APJHS

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There has been ever growing activity in impurities existing in pharmaceutical products as well as bulk drugs. According to a range of regulatory authorities, no longer solely purity profiles, however additionally impurity profiles, are now required. The technique facts for an individual impurity’s organic safety are recognized as impurity profiling. The many developments in analytical viewpoints of impurity profiling of anti-retroviral (ARV) medicines and products used to deal with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are described in this review. ARVs work using inhibiting unique ranges of the viral contamination cycle to produce therapeutic benefits. Thus, drug classes are stratified as nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs/NTRTIs), non-NRTIs (NNRTIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists, viral fusion inhibitors, and protease inhibitors (PIs). In this overview predominant focal point given on class that is reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs). The wide variety of papers dealing with ARV drug impurity profiling is developing at an alarming pace. The cutting-edge overview article, which is based primarily on publications posted in the closing 15 years, tries to provide vast data concerning RTIs drug impurity profiling. RTIs which are labeled into two sub-categories, that is, NRTIs and NNRTIs. NRTIs pressure the HIV virus to use erroneous variations of building block, so contaminated cells cannot make more HIV and NNRTIs these are additionally referred to as “non-nukes.” NNRTIs bind to a precise protein so the HIV virus cannot make copies of itself. The investigatory overview might also furnish the complete important points to the researchers who are working in the region of impurity profiling of RTIs. To the most tremendous of our information, no overview until date noted to center of attention on impurity profiling of RTIs.

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Section: The Following Methods C a N B E U S E D Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Impurities in Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors by Profiling Techniques

Shelke¹,

Lokhande

Pardeshi

et al. 2022

APJHS

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“…Based on their well-established theoretical basis and the ability to effectively alter fluid velocity, active microfluidic separation technology controls particles or cells greatly 17 . Several studies, for instance, acoustophoresis 18 – 23 , magnetophoresis 24 – 29 , thermophoresis 30 , 31 , dielectrophoresis 32 , 33 , and electrophoresis 34 , have been carried out on active microfluidic separation technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic separation and enrichment in microchannels under derivative electric field gradient by bipolar electrode reactions

Sun,

Ma,

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The decomposed plastic products in the natural environment evolve into tiny plastic particles with characteristics such as small size, lightweight, and difficulty in removal, resulting in a significant pollution issue in aquatic environments. Significant progress has been made in microplastic separation technology benefiting from microfluidic chips in recent years. Based on the mechanisms of microfluidic control technology, this study investigates the enrichment and separation mechanisms of polystyrene particles in an unbuffered solution. The Faraday reaction caused by the bipolar electrodes changes the electric field gradient and improves the separation efficiency. We also propose an evaluation scheme to measure the separation efficiency. Finite element simulations are conducted to parametrically analyze the influence of applied voltages, channel geometry, and size of electrodes on plastic particle separation. The numerical cases indicate that the electrode-installed microfluidic channels separate microplastic particles effectively and precisely. The electrodes play an important role in local electric field distribution and trigger violent chemical reactions. By optimizing the microchannel structure, applied voltages, and separation channel angle, an optimal solution for separating microplastic particles can be found. This study could supply some references to control microplastic pollution in the future.

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“…They exist in complex matrices such as body fluids at different trace concentrations, so they are not easily determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this context, CE provides original characteristics in terms of separation mechanisms, rapid and efficient analysis with remarkably high resolution, small sample volume, high sample throughput, low operational cost and tolerance to biological matrices [ 10 ]. All these characteristics ideally make it an attractive technique in comparison with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) for forensic toxicological analysis [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these characteristics ideally make it an attractive technique in comparison with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) for forensic toxicological analysis [ 5 , 6 ]. However, poor concentration sensitivity of traditional CE with on-column UV detection due to low sample injection volume and short optical path length limit the use of CE as an effective method to determine trace analytes in biological and environmental samples [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and capillary electrophoresis with PDA detection

Meng

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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A new method was developed for pre-concentration and determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with photodiode array detection. The method was based on the formation of tiny droplets of an organic extractant in the prepared sample solution using water-immiscible organic solvent (chloroform) dissolved in water-miscible organic dispersive solvent (isopropyl alcohol). The organic phase, which extracted eight drugs of abuse from the prepared urine solution, was separated by centrifugation. The sedimented phase was transferred into a small volume CE auto-sampler vial with 10 µL of 1% HCl methanol solution and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted in lidocaine hydrochloride (internal standard) aqueous solution and introduced by electrokinetic injection into CE. Under the optimum conditions, acceptable linear relationship was observed in the range of 3.0–500 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient ( r ) of 0.9982–0.9994 for spiked urine samples. The limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) was estimated to be 1.0 ng/mL. A recovery of 75.7%–90.6% was obtained for spiked samples. The mean relative error (MRE) was within ±7.0% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 6.9%. The proposed DLLME-CE procedure offers an alternative analytical approach for the sensitive detection of drugs of abuse in real urine samples. Key points The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was involved for the determination of drugs in urine with capillary electrophoresis with photodiode array detection (CE-PDA). Good linearity, sensitivity, recovery and precision were achieved. The proposed method was eco-friendly with microliter scale solvent consumption.

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Capillary electrophoresis methods for impurity profiling of drugs: A review of the past decade

Cited by 32 publications

References 66 publications

Characterization of Impurities in Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors by Profiling Techniques

Characterization of Impurities in Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors by Profiling Techniques

Microplastic separation and enrichment in microchannels under derivative electric field gradient by bipolar electrode reactions

Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and capillary electrophoresis with PDA detection

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