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Cloud implementation is seen as a possible rescue measure to the financial crisis faced by higher education (HE) institutes due to the shrinking IT budgets and escalating IT needs.In this paper, architecture for implementing cloud in the HE institute involving various Deployment Models and Service Models is proposed. A five step framework based on Roger's Innovation-Diffusion model has been suggested for adopting cloud in HE institutes. For smoothing the migration from traditional system to cloud based system a five phase strategy is presented. Finally the challenges and benefits reaped by HE institute form cloud adoption are identified.

The resistant to multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR) strains has affected to the control on tuberculosis (TB). Drugs such as isoniazid and rifampin are commonly used for the therapy in TB. In these, in the phenomenon of the production of anti-TB drugs, the maintenance of the records is one of the challenging steps. The estimated global incidences of nearly half million are witnesses for MDR/rifampicin-resistant TB. This article included the global problem of the drug resistant to TB with its lengthy, complicated, and life-threatening effects with its poor results. Recently new medicines have been developed after a long time on the treatment of TB in MDR resistance. Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, and other second-line medications for TB treatment include levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, and others. In the case of MDR-TB, a variety of medications are advised. In the treatment of TB, these medications are effective anti-TB drugs. The goal of this study is to analyze MDR-TB treatment methods in light of WHO guidelines for MDR-TB care in 2021.

There has been ever growing activity in impurities existing in pharmaceutical products as well as bulk drugs. According to a range of regulatory authorities, no longer solely purity profiles, however additionally impurity profiles, are now required. The technique facts for an individual impurity’s organic safety are recognized as impurity profiling. The many developments in analytical viewpoints of impurity profiling of anti-retroviral (ARV) medicines and products used to deal with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are described in this review. ARVs work using inhibiting unique ranges of the viral contamination cycle to produce therapeutic benefits. Thus, drug classes are stratified as nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs/NTRTIs), non-NRTIs (NNRTIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists, viral fusion inhibitors, and protease inhibitors (PIs). In this overview predominant focal point given on class that is reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs). The wide variety of papers dealing with ARV drug impurity profiling is developing at an alarming pace. The cutting-edge overview article, which is based primarily on publications posted in the closing 15 years, tries to provide vast data concerning RTIs drug impurity profiling. RTIs which are labeled into two sub-categories, that is, NRTIs and NNRTIs. NRTIs pressure the HIV virus to use erroneous variations of building block, so contaminated cells cannot make more HIV and NNRTIs these are additionally referred to as “non-nukes.” NNRTIs bind to a precise protein so the HIV virus cannot make copies of itself. The investigatory overview might also furnish the complete important points to the researchers who are working in the region of impurity profiling of RTIs. To the most tremendous of our information, no overview until date noted to center of attention on impurity profiling of RTIs.

In order to treat multidrug resistant TB, pretomanid, a nitroimidazooxazine antimycobacterial agent, is used with other antituberculosis medications. There is no technique for its analysis that uses spectroscopy, HPLC or HPTLC. Since a UV spectrophotometric approach for Pretomanid analysis must be developed. Utilizing a Shimadzu UV-2600, a quick, accurate, straightforward, and affordable UV spectrophotometric approach has been devised to determine Pretomanid. Solvent made of methanol to assess the bulk Pretomanid concentration. The detection process was placed at a wavelength of 321 nm. The parameters linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and robustness were taken into consideration during method validation in accordance with ICH Q2R1 criteria, as well as LOD and LOQ. It demonstrated linearity in the 10– 30(g/mL) range at a predetermined max of 321 nm, and had a strong correlation coefficient (R2-0.997) and outstanding mean recovery (99.00–100.07%). In terms of intraday and interday precision, Pretomanid’s% RSD was discovered to be 0.6366 and 0.666, respectively. Pretomanid identification using this approach was effective. The method’s  linearity,  accuracy,  repeatability, and reproducibility were statistically and empirically verified. The out- comes demonstrated the method’s applicability for both routine examinations of protomanid bulks and industrial formulations. The suggested UV-Vis Spectrophotometric approach was verified in accordance with ICH requirements and found to be simple, accurate, precise and quick for the determination of Pretomanid.