Capillary leak syndrome in neuromyelitis optica treated with rituximab

Capillary leak syndrome in a patient with cancer-associated anti-transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ dermatomyositis treated with rituximab

“…CLS has been associated with cancer, including hepatocarcinoma (6), and autoimmune disorders (3,4). Also, rituximab can induce a cytokine-mediated increase in capillary permeability, manifesting as CLS (7). Although the CLS trigger in our patient is not clear, the temporal association with rituximab seems to support its role as the inciting agent.…”

Rituximab induced cytokine release syndrome in an MS patient: A case report

“… 4 There are also reports of capillary leak syndrome in NMO patients treated with rituximab. 17 A relatively new entity called the Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KHSV) inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS) has also been described in recent paper. The syndrome occurs in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and concurrent Kaposi sarcoma and is characterized by pancytopenia, lymphadenopathy, and systemic inflammation.…”

“…It is mainly seen in patients with sepsis 4 . There are also reports of capillary leak syndrome in NMO patients treated with rituximab 17 . A relatively new entity called the Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KHSV) inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS) has also been described in recent paper.…”

What Is Happening to This Patient With a Rare Leukemia?

“…Capillary leak syndrome can be idiopathic (also called Clarkson's disease) or secondary to certain autoimmune diseases, infections (sepsis), snakebites, cancers, and drugs ( Aneja, 2021 ; Fuentes Fernandez et al, 2017 ; Jeong et al, 2019 ; Massafra et al, 2021 ; Qin et al, 2021 ; Siddall et al, 2017 ). The following has been observed in cases of CLS: increased levels of monoclonal proteins, anti-inflammatory mediators, interleukin-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as endothelial cell apoptosis ( Aneja, 2021 ).…”