“…Since the effect of preferential flow will be remarkable in leading the non-equilibrium fluid flow subsurface, accurate knowledge and description the preferential paths and interfacial dynamic of immiscible two-phase flow in rock mass and its influence factors are of great significance for the evaluation of oil or gas recovery 1,2 and predication of roadway rock disasters 3 due to the gas-liquid flow. Many studies have been conducted to analyze preferential flow in order to explore the influence factors including wettability 4–6 , capillary pressure 7,8 , injection rate 9 , viscosity ratio 6 and capillary number 10 . However, few experimental and numerical studies are available for quantitatively and visually elaborating the fundamental processes of preferential flow in real rock structures through the effect of pore morphology and channel size, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of porous structures of natural rocks.…”