Capillary Printing of Highly Aligned Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices

Kang, Saewon; Kim, Taehyo; Cho, Seungse; Lee, Youngoh; Choe, Ayoung; Walker, Bright; Ko, Seo‐Jin; Kim, Jin Young; Ko, Hyunhyub

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03019

Cited by 211 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…3(d), with decreasing GP sizes in ME-TCE films up to 1 mm, higher ϕ TC values can be reached. The optimum ϕ TC value of 85 × 10 −3 Ω −1 with ME-TCEs-GP 1 mm films was much higher than that of 18 × 10 −3 and 36 × 10 −3 Ω −1 for Ag-mesh26 and aligned Ag NWs15, respectively, as well as other TCEs. Additionally, the estimated value showed that further decreases to the optimum GP size below 1 mm would suffer from low transmittance and a significant drop in the ϕ TC value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…( d ) Φ TC values as a function of transmittance. For comparison, the Φ TC value of Ag mesh45, aligned Ag NW15, Ag nanomesh26, Cu flexible TCEs (FTCEs)46, reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Au grids4, graphene/Ag grids47, AgCu alloy mesh48, and modified PEDOT:PSS6 are also shown.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to improve the conductivity of TCEs through the use of metallic materials such as metal nanowires (NWs) and metal nano-mesh/micro-mesh materials1314. Recently, metal NWs, such as silver NWs, copper NWs, and gold NWs, have shown promise as alternative TCEs due to their high conductivities, transparency, and excellent flexibility151617. However, metal NW-based TCEs typically possess high surface roughness due to interconnections between their junctions; the materials are also easily oxidized in air, often degrading the performance of optoelectronic devices1819.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultra-Smooth, Fully Solution-Processed Large-Area Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Organic Devices

Jin

Ginting

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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A novel approach for the fabrication of ultra-smooth and highly bendable substrates consisting of metal grid-conducting polymers that are fully embedded into transparent substrates (ME-TCEs) was successfully demonstrated. The fully printed ME-TCEs exhibited ultra-smooth surfaces (surface roughness ~1.0 nm), were highly transparent (~90% transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm), highly conductive (sheet resistance ~4 Ω ◻−1), and relatively stable under ambient air (retaining ~96% initial resistance up to 30 days). The ME-TCE substrates were used to fabricate flexible organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes exhibiting devices efficiencies comparable to devices fabricated on ITO/glass substrates. Additionally, the flexibility of the organic devices did not degrade their performance even after being bent to a bending radius of ~1 mm. Our findings suggest that ME-TCEs are a promising alternative to indium tin oxide and show potential for application toward large-area optoelectronic devices via fully printing processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-Smooth, Fully Solution-Processed Large-Area Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Organic Devices

Jin

Ginting

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…[39][40][41][42] The performance of the metal NW-based electrode generally increases with the decrease in the diameter of the NW, while the increase in the NW length/diameter aspect ratio will reduce light scattering and decrease the resistance in the film. [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Therefore, in this study, Ag NWs with an average aspect ratio of 5000 (average diameter of B30 nm and length of 100-200 um, Fig. S1, ESI †) were utilized as the transparent and conductive front-electrodes in the flexible CQD solar cells.…”

Section: Solution-processed Flexible Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely lightweight and ultra-flexible infrared light-converting quantum dot solar cells with high power-per-weight output using a solution-processed bending durable silver nanowire-based electrode

Zhang

Öberg

et al. 2018

Energy Environ. Sci.

127

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Broader contextUltra-flexible and lightweight solar cells with high power output per weight have attracted much attention due to their high potential for utilization in applications such as spacecraft, aircraft, personal pack load and wearable electronic devices. PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQD) are promising candidates for the fabrication of flexible and lightweight solar cells due to their nanocrystal character, which enables functioning energy conversion even in the case when the solar cell is under extreme deformation. Moreover, the PbS CQD possesses the advantages of solution-processability, size-dependent optoelectronic properties and a broad light absorption spectrum covering the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared wavelength region. In this study, we report an ultra-flexible and extremely lightweight PbS CQD solar cell. The solar cell is fabricated on a 1.3 mm-thick flexible polyethylene naphthalate foil substrate and an Ag nanowire network with strong mechanical properties and a large aspect ratio and is used as a transparent and conductive front-electrode. The thickness of the full solar cell is less than 2 mm and the device gives B10% power conversion efficiency with an extremely low weight of 6.5 g m À2 , resulting in a high power-per-weight output ofThe demonstrated CQD solar cell shows good mechanical properties and works during large compression-stretching deformation. In particular, the solar cell also exhibits promising stability both under continuous illumination and after storage under ambient conditions. These results reveal that the CQDs are very promising materials for realizing flexible, efficient and extremely lightweight solar cells that makes it possible for utilization of solar energy in many new applications.

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“…Beyond that, all devices exhibiting a PCE >5% on AgNW electrodes used polymer donors. [25][26][27] In this study, we show aging experiments on organic solar cells with the small molecules α-6T/SubNc/SubPc as cascade. [ 10 ] We compare rigid glass-glass encapsulated devices with ITO bottom electrodes to fully fl exible devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Sexithiophene Cascade Organic Solar Cells

Bormann

Nehm

Weiß

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

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fl exibility or light weight required for fl exible OPV. Atomic layer deposited (ALD) oxide thin-fi lms (e.g. SiO x , AlO x ) provide fl exibility and low WVTR rates at the same time. [22][23][24] This work is motivated by two factors: First, a lifetime study for cascade organic solar cells (CSCs) under ambient climate conditions has not been performed up to now, making the evaluation of their applicability diffi cult. Second, only a few publications show highly effi cient organic solar cells on silver nanowire electrodes. Beyond that, all devices exhibiting a PCE >5% on AgNW electrodes used polymer donors. [25][26][27] In this study, we show aging experiments on organic solar cells with the small molecules α-6T/SubNc/SubPc as cascade. [ 10 ] We compare rigid glass-glass encapsulated devices with ITO bottom electrodes to fully fl exible devices. AgNWs are utilized as transparent electrode, ALD thin-fi lms of alumina serve as fl exible ultra-barrier. The planarization of AgNWs is challenging, as they exhibit high surface roughness which usually causes the organic thin-fi lm device to shunt. Many different planarization techniques have been successfully employed using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), metal oxides, or small molecules. [ 17,[28][29][30][31][32] Another method uses a peel-off process whereby the silver nanowires are buried in a polymer substrate. [ 25,[33][34][35] We employ the AgNW planarization concept recently demonstrated by Cui et al., [ 36 ] where the AgNWs are buried in the UV-curable optical adhesive "NOA63". This polymer serves as ultrathin and ultrafl exible substrate for the highly conductive AgNW network. Figure 1 shows the electrode fabrication and characterization by means of topographical and optical analysis. Silver nanowires with 35 nm diameter (NW35) are used to transfer the NOA63 into a conductive substrate (details can be found in the Experimental Section).Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal that the root-mean-square roughness of the electrode is in the range of 1 to 2 nm (Figure 1 B). Furthermore, the strong phase contrast in Figure 1 C shows that AgNWs protrude from the NOA63 surface. This guarantees an electrical contact to adjacent conductive layers. A sheet resistance ( R S ) of (18.5 ± 0.2) Ω/sq is measured for this electrode even though the maximum processing temperature is only 80 °C. The electrode exhibits a total transmission of 84.5% at a wavelength of 550 nm which is comparable to NW35 on glass. However, plasmonic nanowire absorption, which is already present in the neat glass/NW35 electrode, broadens upon embedding in the polymer. This stronger plasmonic absorption in the spectral region between 350 and 500 nm reduces the average total transmission in the visible light spectrum T av to 82.8% as compared to 83.9% of NW35 on glass. Although ITO on glass exhibits a T av of 84.3%, its R S of 26 Ω/sq is higher than for the NW35 electrode.This ultrasmooth, highly conductive, and transparent AgNW electrode is well suitable for ...

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Capillary Printing of Highly Aligned Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes for High-Performance Optoelectronic Devices

Cited by 211 publications

References 75 publications

Ultra-Smooth, Fully Solution-Processed Large-Area Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Organic Devices

Ultra-Smooth, Fully Solution-Processed Large-Area Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Organic Devices

Extremely lightweight and ultra-flexible infrared light-converting quantum dot solar cells with high power-per-weight output using a solution-processed bending durable silver nanowire-based electrode

Degradation of Sexithiophene Cascade Organic Solar Cells

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