Capital, rules or conflict? Factors affecting livelihood-strategies, infrastructure-resilience, and livelihood-vulnerability in the polders of Bangladesh

Nath, Sanchayan; Laerhoven, Frank van; Driessen, Peter; Nadiruzzaman, Md.

doi:10.1007/s11625-020-00818-6

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The survey found that, with the economy’s and society’s development, farmers have already had a certain amount of livelihood capital in the face of risk shocks. However, the epidemic still had a specific impact on the production and life of farmers in the affected areas, and the LRI level of farmers after the epidemic was generally low, showing a trend of successive decline in the provinces of Anhui, Chongqing and Hubei (Nath et al 2020 ). The cushioning and self-organization ability of farmers in Hubei was weak, the livelihood capital loss of farmers in Chongqing was small, and rural families in Anhui had the advantage in learning capability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience Under the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Rural China

2023

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Livelihood resilience is the ability of individuals, families or communities to withstand external shocks based on existing resources. It is an important research paradigm in sustainable development studies. The outbreak of COVID-19 and strict epidemic prevention policies have greatly impacted the production and life of rural farmers in China. The resilience of farmers’ livelihoods during the epidemic is crucial to the sustainable development of their livelihoods and regional stability. This study uses classic buffer capacity, self-organization ability, and the capacity for learning a three-dimension livelihood resilience framework using the comprehensive index, OLS, and geographical detector methods based on Hubei province and neighboring Anhui and Chongqing. Rural household survey data investigate the background of epidemic hit the livelihood of farmers resilience and its spatial distribution pattern and identify the key influencing factors. The results show that the livelihood shock faced by farmers was higher than the risk of disease, and the overall level of livelihood resilience was low after the pandemic. Financial capital and social capital can effectively help farmers to eliminate livelihood difficulties. In contrast, natural capital has a limited driving force, and physical and human capital have no obvious impact. The spatial agglomeration differentiation is obvious, indicating that the impact of COVID-19 on livelihoods was closely related to the degree of local socio-economic development and geographical location. The results of this study provide targeted recommendations for the development of epidemic prevention and livelihood resilience policies tailored to local conditions, emphasizing the importance of boosting livelihood recovery at both the government and household levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience Under the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Rural China

2023

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“…The climate change is a global issue and its impacts on the environment, agriculture, and health is a serious concern over the world (Endalew & Sen, 2020). Throughout the 21 st century, the vulnerability of the mountain region has been rising especially due to the climate variability and high exposure of natural disasters (Nath et al, 2020). The natural disaster has negative potential effects on the poor, marginalized and rural livelihoods in a multi-dimensional ways (Khanal et al, 2018) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the impacts of climate change are more on agricultural activities of hilly or mountain areas (IPCC, 2014b).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pragmatic Approach to Study Vulnerability Using Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A Case Study from Cold Desert of Nubra Valley, Ladakh (Himalaya)

Sudan

2022

REDR

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Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) is being proposed to assess the degree of vulnerability and adaptability against the impacts of natural disasters in the Nubra valley. The index comprises households variables of all the three dimensions of vulnerability such as Exposure, Sensitivity, and Adaptive Capacity. Exposure is described by 'Natural disaster', 'Its impact', and 'Flood warning'. Sensitivity is defined by 'Water', 'Housing', 'Health' and 'Finance', and Adaptive Capacity by 'Socio-demographic profile', 'Livelihood strategies', 'Food', and 'Social networks'. The study is based on the primary data and information collected from 300 sample households in the three blocks such as Turtuk, Diskit, and Panamik in the Nubra valley (Union Territory of Ladakh), India. Data were aggregated using a composite index and disparity vulnerabilities were compared. The result reveals that Panamik block was higher exposed (0.402) to the impacts of natural disasters and higher sensitivity (0.333) of water, housing, health, and finance due to the less adaptive capacity 0.298) of socio-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, food, social network in respect to other blocks. The LVI of Turtuk 0.889, Diskit 0.836, and Panamik 0.904 or LVI-IPCC was 0.004, -0.017, and 0.035 for Tutuk, Diskit and Panamik blocks, respectively, and this suggests that overall vulnerability was higher to Panamik households, and least vulnerability to Diskit households. This pragmatic LVI approach may be used to monitor vulnerability under different stress situations. The result obtained by LVI may have implications for improving adaptation or coping strategies to the region.

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“…To improve the infrastructure-resilience of such regions, there is a need to decrease the livelihood vulnerability of people living in these areas and train them with appropriate livelihood strategies. Governments have funded heavily coastal infrastructure such as polders (Nath et al, 2020).…”

Section: Social Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Sustainability, Vulnerability, and Challenges of Aquaculture Livelihood Projects

Berio

Salugsugan

2022

Business

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Background: Aquaculture is the best source of sustainable livelihood for communities, as long as the technology is in place and environment friendly. The aquaculture in southern Negros Occidental continues to experience a crisis that includes this recent COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to rapid financial and structural changes and awareness of farming's enormous influence on ecosystem health. Oyster and fish cages farmers were familiar with and associated terms such as environmental protection, small-scale aquaculture, profitability, and productivity with sustainable oyster and fish production. Furthermore, the researcher, who has experience in the aquaculture industry, desires to investigate sustainability and recognizes this aquaculture owners/operators' vulnerability and challenges in their livelihood. Thus, the paper analyzed the sustainability, vulnerability, and challenges of aquaculture livelihood projects in Southern Negros. Methods: Using a descriptive quantitative research design, 50 aquaculture operators/owners answered a checklist questionnaire to analyze the sustainability, vulnerability, and challenges of aquaculture livelihood projects. Frequency count and percentage distribution were used in analyzing the quantitative data. Results: In human capital, the operators/owners have at least a high school graduate to engage in aquaculture livelihood and range 0-1 year of experience. They are aware of health and safety practices, and the skills they know are feeding and harvesting. They are sole workers, and the physical skill they perform is swimming. For natural capital, all operators/owners gained access to the Nanunga River permit from the Local Government Unit of Municipality of Hinigaran. The size of the fishing ground and fish pens is at 5x5meters, and they conduct monthly coastal cleaning for the maintenance of the surroundings. The timeline and growth and water sensitivity affect the timeline growth of the oyster shell and fish species, respectively. They are also given an action plan to prepare the climate change and initiate the monthly coastal cleanup to maintain cleanliness in the coastal. In terms of financial capital, the income of operators/owners is higher compared to expenses, debt, and taxes paid per harvest. As a result, they can set aside a net amount for savings. Also, they received support from the government every year. They were given a three-year projected financial statement to know the income, expenses, debt, savings, and taxes. Regarding social capital, the aquaculture livelihood helps their community by providing livelihood to their families, providing food supplies, and contributing to economic gain. The operators/owners are trusted, and they follow norms in the community. They are also involved in the monthly meetings to discuss the concerns about their aquaculture livelihood projects. They also avail of the financial assistance loan from the government through the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Pangkabuhayan Program. These imply scheduling a mandatory monthly meeting for the Aquaculture owners/operators, which is also open to the community. In physical capital, most operators/owners have fish pen infrastructure, fish boats, materials for oyster farming, and fish cage fishing. They also used electricity and fuel as a source of energy. They sent an application for financial aid to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to purchase new materials for Aquaculture. The major vulnerabilities are the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change, oil spills, seasonality, and technological changes. The major challenges that the Aquaculture operators/owners face are lack of knowledge, high/low tide, no preparation of unforeseen expenses, lack of participation among members in monthly association meetings, and cannot afford to purchase new materials for fish pens and fishing boats. Overall, the findings in the light of the Department for International Development (DFID) Sustainable Livelihood Framework, the results were validated as aquaculture livelihood projects are sustainable in terms of human, natural, financial, social, and physical capital. Conclusion: The aquaculture livelihood projects of aquaculture growers in Southern Negros were sustainable in terms of human, natural, financial, social, and physical capital. It shows that the aquaculture operators/owners have various knowledge and skills in the industry, preservation of water resources and cleanliness of coastal areas, more income and less expenses and debts growers, improve the economy and the people's standard of living and relationships and more fish pens infrastructure and increase of supplies of materials. Notwithstanding the existing vulnerabilities and challenges, the aquaculture livelihood projects were manageable and could easily cope with unforeseen events. Practical Value of the Paper: The local government agency may explore the possibility of assisting aquaculture livelihood projects in gathering information for periodic evaluation and monitoring of the financial status of aquaculture livelihood projects for reporting purposes. It is hoped that future researchers utilize this study as the basis for further research, especially studies focusing on the sustainability, vulnerability, and challenges of other livelihoods like agriculture industries. Also, the Aquaculture owners/operators can use the strategic plan to present to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and other organizations to avail the financial assistance and funding in the future.

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Capital, rules or conflict? Factors affecting livelihood-strategies, infrastructure-resilience, and livelihood-vulnerability in the polders of Bangladesh

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience Under the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Rural China

Measurement and Spatial Differentiation of Farmers’ Livelihood Resilience Under the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Rural China

A Pragmatic Approach to Study Vulnerability Using Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A Case Study from Cold Desert of Nubra Valley, Ladakh (Himalaya)

Analysis of the Sustainability, Vulnerability, and Challenges of Aquaculture Livelihood Projects

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