Caprine besnoitisis: studies on the experimental intermediate hosts and the role of the domestic cat in transmission

Ng'ang'a, C.J.; Kasigazi, S.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(94)90112-0

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Besnoitia caprae has been assumed to be host specific for goats and has not been reported in any other animal. Cattle, sheep, horses and donkeys that co-pastured with the infected goats have not been infected with this parasite (Ng'ang'a and Kasigazi 1994;Oryan and Sadeghi 1997). Therefore, B. caprae was identified as the specific etiological agent for the domestic and wild goats (Cheema and Toofanian 1979;Ng'ang'a and Kasigazi 1994;Oryan and Sadeghi 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another experiment, oral administration of the bradyzoites of B. oryctofelisi was infective for gerbils and cats (Dubey et al 2003). However, Njenga et al (1993) and Ng'ang'a and Kasigazi's (1994) attempt in experimental transmission of Besnoitia caprae to rabbits and mice was not successful while Oryan et al (2010) isolated two distinct isolates of B. caprae (BC-1 and BC-2) and introduced the inbred BALB/ c mice as a suitable laboratory animal model for BC-1. They also showed different biological performance between these two isolates in the inbred BALB/c mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first evidence of caprine besnoitiosis was observed in dried skin sections in Kenya in 1967, but the disease existed as early as 1955 (Bwangamoi 1967(Bwangamoi , 1968. Nevertheless, it has been shown that the Besnoitia of cattle and goats differ in several biological features (Ng'ang'a and Kasigazi 1994;Njenga et al 1993;Oryan and Azizi 2008). Caprine besnoitiosis is endemic in domestic and wild goats of some of the African and Asian countries including Iran and Kenya (Cheema and Toofanian 1979;Bwangamoi et al 1989;Bwangamoi and Njenga 1993;Oryan and Sadeghi 1997;Oryan et al 2008a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

2014

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It has been shown that mice, particularly the BALB/c ones, are susceptible to infection by some of the apicomplexan parasites. To compare the susceptibility of the inbred BALB/c, outbred BALB/c and C57 BL/6 to Besnoitia caprae inoculation and to determine LD50, 30 male inbred BALB/c, 30 outbred BALB/c and 30 C57 BL/ 6 mice were assigned into 18 groups of 5 mice. Each group was inoculated intraperitoneally with 12.5 9 10 3 , 25 9 10 3 , 5 9 10 4 , 1 9 10 5 , 2 9 10 5 tachyzoites and a control inoculum of DMEM, respectively. The inbred BALB/c was found the most susceptible strain among the experienced mice strains so the LD50 per inbred BALB/c mouse was calculated as 12.5 9 10 3.6 tachyzoites while the LD50 for the outbred BALB/c and C57 BL/6 was 25 9 10 3.4 and 5 9 10 4 tachyzoites per mouse, respectively. To investigate the impact of different routes of inoculation in the most susceptible mice strain, another seventy five male inbred BALB/c mice were inoculated with 2 9 10 5 tachyzoites of B. caprae via various inoculation routes including: subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, infraorbital and oral. All the mice in the oral and infraorbital groups survived for 60 days, whereas the IM group showed quicker death and more severe pathologic lesions, which was then followed by SC and IP groups. Therefore, BALB/c mouse is a proper laboratory model and IM inoculation is an ideal method in besnoitiosis induction and a candidate in treatment, prevention and testing the efficacy of vaccines for besnoitiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

2014

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“…8,10,18 Some species can be mechanically transmitted from one intermediate host to other susceptible intermediate hosts through tachyzoites or bradyzoites. 17 Several species in the genus Besnoitia have been identified, but morphologic differences among them are poorly defined.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The natural route of transmission of B caprae to the goat is not clearly understood, but tick or fly vectors may play a major role in mechanical transmission of the organism from infected to healthy goats. 18 No B caprae cysts have been reported in cattle, sheep, and donkeys grazing alongside infected goats. 3,21,27 Although caprine besnoitiosis has been reported only in wild and domestic goats in Iran 6,27 and in domestic goats in Kenya, 3,4 it is possible that the infection is more widespread.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histopathologic and Ultrastructural Studies on Experimental Caprine Besnoitiosis

Oryan

Namazi

Silver³

2011

Vet Pathol

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The distribution pattern and associated tissue reactions with progressive changes in Besnoitia caprae cysts were investigated in 6 experimentally infected 16-to 20-month-old male goats. Each goat was subcutaneously inoculated with approximately 13 Â 10 8 B caprae bradyzoites. The animals were examined daily for development of clinical besnoitiosis, and skin biopsies from distal parts of the limbs were taken at weekly intervals. At 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 365 days postinfection (DPI), 1 goat was euthanized. Samples were collected at autopsy from various organs for histologic and ultrastructural studies. No cysts were seen in tissue sections on 15, 30, and 365 DPI, but large numbers were present at 60, 120, and 180 DPI in the skin of the distal limbs, scrotum, and ears, with fewer in the tongue, palate, sclera, testicles, and spermatic cord. No cysts were seen in the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, central nervous system, or lymph nodes. Cyst numbers peaked at 60 DPI, then declined from 120 to 180 DPI. Degenerated cysts were relatively rare at 60 DPI but more numerous at 180 compared with 120. A granulomatous reaction-predominantly characterized by macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells-surrounded each degenerated cyst. All goats showed testicular tubular degeneration with little or no spermatogenic activity. The sizes of cysts and their wall thickness, with the size of bradyzoites and some of their organelles, exhibited progressive chronologic changes.

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Parasites of Sheep and Goats

Craig

Baker

2007

Flynn's Parasites of Laboratory Animals

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Caprine besnoitisis: studies on the experimental intermediate hosts and the role of the domestic cat in transmission

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

Optimization of murine model for Besnoitia caprae

Histopathologic and Ultrastructural Studies on Experimental Caprine Besnoitiosis

Parasites of Sheep and Goats

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