Capsaicinoids Content in Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.): Hottest Known Cultivars

Canto‐Flick, Adriana; Balam-Uc, Eduardo; Bello-Bello, Jericó Jabín; Lecona-Guzmán, Carlos Alberto; Solís-Marroquín, Daniela; Avilés-Viñas, Susana A.; Gómez-Uc, Eunice; López-Puc, Guadalupe; Santana‐Buzzy, Nancy; Iglesias-Andreu, Lourdes Georgina

doi:10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1344

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Capsaicin contents in pods (Fig. 3(A)) from plants cultured on the different nitrate concentrations were in the range previously reported for plants from the same geographical area 11, 18. Interestingly, total capsaicinoid content in placentas (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Capsaicin accumulation is related to nitrate content in placentas of habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

et al. 2010

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Capsaicin accumulation is related to nitrate content in placentas of habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

et al. 2010

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“…The present study identified 17 genotypes from C . chinense group with more than 0.9 million SHU which is distinctly higher than the previously reported pungency of Habanero [47,48,49]. Although, Bhut jolokia ( C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Comparative Analysis of Fruit Metabolites and Pungency Candidate Genes Expression between Bhut Jolokia and Other Capsicum Species

et al. 2016

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Bhut jolokia, commonly known as Ghost chili, a native Capsicum species found in North East India was recorded as the naturally occurring hottest chili in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2006. Although few studies have reported variation in pungency content of this particular species, no study till date has reported detailed expression analysis of candidate genes involved in capsaicinoids (pungency) biosynthesis pathway and other fruit metabolites. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the diversity of fruit morphology, fruiting habit, capsaicinoids and other metabolite contents in 136 different genotypes mainly collected from North East India. Significant intra and inter-specific variations for fruit morphological traits, fruiting habits and 65 fruit metabolites were observed in the collected Capsicum germplasm belonging to three Capsicum species i.e., Capsicum chinense (Bhut jolokia, 63 accessions), C. frutescens (17 accessions) and C. annuum (56 accessions). The pungency level, measured in Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) and antioxidant activity measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay showed maximum levels in C. chinense accessions followed by C. frutescens accessions, while C. annuum accessions showed the lowest value for both the traits. The number of different fruit metabolites detected did not vary significantly among the different species but the metabolite such as benzoic acid hydroxyl esters identified in large percentage in majority of C. annuum genotypes was totally absent in the C. chinense genotypes and sparingly present in few genotypes of C. frutescens. Significant correlations were observed between fruit metabolites capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, hexadecanoic acid, cyclopentane, α-tocopherol and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, comparative expression analysis (through qRT-PCR) of candidate genes involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway revealed many fold higher expression of majority of the genes in C. chinense compared to C. frutescens and C. annuum suggesting that the possible reason for extremely high pungency might be due to the higher level of candidate gene(s) expression although nucleotide variation in pungency related genes may also be involved in imparting variations in level of pungency.

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“…Of the 20 accessions with the highest capsaicinoid contents, eight were C. frutescens , seven were C. chinense , and five accessions were C. annuum . The three most pungent accessions, ‘Habanero’, ‘9007’ and ‘Spain 5’, were all accessions of C. chinense , which is well known for its pungency (Bosland and Baral, ; Bosland et al ., ; Canto‐Flick et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

QTL mapping and GWAS reveal candidate genes controlling capsaicinoid content in Capsicum

Han

Lee

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

135

102

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SummaryCapsaicinoids are unique compounds produced only in peppers (Capsicum spp.). Several studies using classical quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping and genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified QTLs controlling capsaicinoid content in peppers; however, neither the QTLs common to each population nor the candidate genes underlying them have been identified due to the limitations of each approach used. Here, we performed QTL mapping and GWAS for capsaicinoid content in peppers using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations and one GWAS population. Whole‐genome resequencing and genotyping by sequencing (GBS) were used to construct high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) maps. Five QTL regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10 were commonly identified in both RIL populations over multiple locations and years. Furthermore, a total of 109 610 SNPs derived from two GBS libraries were used to analyse the GWAS population consisting of 208 C. annuum‐clade accessions. A total of 69 QTL regions were identified from the GWAS, 10 of which were co‐located with the QTLs identified from the two biparental populations. Within these regions, we were able to identify five candidate genes known to be involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that QTL mapping and GBS‐GWAS represent a powerful combined approach for the identification of loci controlling complex traits.

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Capsaicinoids Content in Habanero Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.): Hottest Known Cultivars

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Capsaicin accumulation is related to nitrate content in placentas of habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

Capsaicin accumulation is related to nitrate content in placentas of habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

Comparative Analysis of Fruit Metabolites and Pungency Candidate Genes Expression between Bhut Jolokia and Other Capsicum Species

QTL mapping and GWAS reveal candidate genes controlling capsaicinoid content in Capsicum

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