Car and truck tire wear particles in complex environmental samples – A quantitative comparison with “traditional” microplastic polymer mass loads

Goßmann, Isabel; Halbach, Maurits; Scholz‐Böttcher, Barbara M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145667

Cited by 116 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The addition of an internal standard(s) will further improve the data quality. Different substances can be used for this purpose, e.g., deuterated compounds (styrene, polystyrene, and chlorobenzene) or a mixture of 9-dodecyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro anthracene, anthracene-d10, androstane, and cholanic acid. ,, …”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While detected TWP concentrations in road dust significantly exceeded those of thermoplastic (e.g., PE, PP, PS) MP (around 5 g of TWP vs 0.3 g of MP per kg road dust, dry weight), the samples collected far away from TWP sources show lower or even no TWP contamination. At the same time, thermoplastic polymers were still ubiquitously distributed …”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives

2021

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Microplastics and nanoplastics have become emerging particulate anthropogenic pollutants and rapidly turned into a field of growing scientific and public interest. These tiny plastic particles are found in the environment all around the globe as well as in drinking water and food, raising concerns about their impacts on the environment and human health. To adequately address these issues, reliable information on the ambient concentrations of microplastics and nanoplastics is needed. However, micro- and nanoplastic particles are extremely complex and diverse in terms of their size, shape, density, polymer type, surface properties, etc. While the particle concentrations in different media can vary by up to 10 orders of magnitude, analysis of such complex samples may resemble searching for a needle in a haystack. This highlights the critical importance of appropriate methods for the chemical identification, quantification, and characterization of microplastics and nanoplastics. The present article reviews advanced methods for the representative mass-based and particle-based analysis of microplastics, with a focus on the sensitivity and lower-size limit for detection. The advantages and limitations of the methods, and their complementarity for the comprehensive characterization of microplastics are discussed. A special attention is paid to the approaches for reliable analysis of nanoplastics. Finally, an outlook for establishing harmonized and standardized methods to analyze these challenging contaminants is presented, and perspectives within and beyond this research field are discussed.

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Section: Chemical Analysis Of Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Microplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives

2021

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“…However, the volatile nature of these molecules used as internal standards could result in different behaviors during pyrolysis compared to the targeted polymers. Thus, polymers enriched in deuterium are sometimes used as an internal standard [9,[48][49][50][51][52]. Especially, PS-d 5 is increasingly used as an internal pyrolysis standard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Microplastics by Pyrolysis Coupled with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Sediments: Challenges and Implications

et al. 2022

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Pyrolysis-GC/MS is increasingly used to quantify microplastics (MP) in environmental samples. In general, prior to analysis, purification steps are carried out to reduce the environmental matrix in sediment samples. The conventionally used protocol of density separation followed by digestion of organic matter does not allow for complete isolation of MP from the associated organic and mineral matter. Among the pyrolysis products used as indicator compounds for plastic polymers, some may originate from other substances present in the environmental samples. In this paper, the indicator compounds are reviewed for the most common polymers: PE, PP, PS, PET and PVC and selected taking into account potential interactions with substances present in environmental matrices. Even after a purification step, a residual mineral fraction remains in a sediment sample, including matrix effects. This effect may be positive or negative, depending on the investigated polymer and is thus important to consider when using Pyr-GC/MS for the quantification of MP in sediment samples. It also shows that no external calibration can be used to reliably quantify MP in such samples and that the use of internal standards is compulsory.

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“…As zinc has been determined to be the best marker for the quantification of tire rubber particles (Klöckner et al 2019 ), it could be argued that its total concentration in sediments could be used to determine the contamination of tire rubber, but a pristine sediment would be needed as a reference. More recent methods involving the use of pyrolysis GC–MS and the identification of specific synthetic rubber chemicals such as vinylcyclohexene and cyclohexenylbenzene could be also used (Goβmann et al 2021 ), although this equipment is not as widely distributed and easy to use as other digestion appliances. Additionally, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolamine (NCBA), a benzothiazole derivative, has also been identified through GC–MS as a marker of tire rubber contamination (Knight et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Tire Rubber Microplastics to Freshwater Sediment Organisms

Carrasco-Navarro

Nuutinen

Sorvari

et al. 2021

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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High emission of tire rubber particles to the surrounding environment is an inevitable consequence of the current habits of transportation. Although most of the emissions stay within a close range of the sources, it has been proven that the smallest particles can be transported to remote locations through the atmosphere, including inland water bodies. It has been estimated that a relevant portion of the global emissions of tire rubber particles reach surface waters, but effects on aquatic life in the receiving water bodies are not completely understood. In the present study, we used the freshwater sediment dwellers Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius to examine the toxicity of tire rubber particles at environmentally relevant concentrations, using different types of sediment and two particle sizes of tire rubber. Overall, the experiments were unable to discern any effects on the growth, survival or reproduction of the two animals tested. Significant differences were found among the animals dwelling on different sediments, but the effects were not attributable to the presence of tire rubber particles. This study provides important information regarding the lack of effect of tire rubber particles in laboratory experiments with model sediment dwellers and opens more questions about the potential effects of tire rubber particles in the real environment with longer durations and varying environmental factors. The influence of other factors such as the leaching of additives in the overall toxicity of tire rubber particles should be also considered.

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Car and truck tire wear particles in complex environmental samples – A quantitative comparison with “traditional” microplastic polymer mass loads

Cited by 116 publications

References 32 publications

Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives

Chemical Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Challenges, Advanced Methods, and Perspectives

Quantification of Microplastics by Pyrolysis Coupled with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Sediments: Challenges and Implications

Toxicity of Tire Rubber Microplastics to Freshwater Sediment Organisms

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