Caractérisation du fruit du baobab et étude de sa transformation en nectar

Abstract

--Introduction. The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) grows wild in Senegal where the fruit is consumed in various forms. Although the plant ecology and botany have been well studied, works relating to the fruit processing or the impact of processing on the quality of the final products are rare. In order to evaluate the technological potential of these fruits, as a precondition to the development of their processed products on the local, regional and international markets, we attempted to characterize the raw material better (biochemical composition and nutritional quality), and we studied the processing of the product into nectar. Materials and methods. Our study related to twelve without-shell fruit samples of A. digitata collected between 2004 and 2006 in various zones of Senegal. Proportions of the various components of the fruit (pulp, seeds, fibers) were assessed, then various physico-chemical characteristics of the pulp and seed were analyzed. The microbial flora present in traditionally prepared drinks was studied. Pasteurization techniques and crossflow microfiltration of nectars were applied. Various uses and traditional fruit processing were evaluated starting from a survey carried out with a sample of 93 people questioned in Dakar and Saly. Results and discussion. The pulp was characterized by a low water content (6-15%), a strong acidity (68-201 mEq·100 g -1 ) and high contents of sugars (20-32%), ascorbic acid (125-312 mg·100 g -1 ), minerals (6%) and starch (41-47%). The chromatograms obtained by GC/MS on the fruit pulp identified 10 aroma compounds, especially isopropyl myristate, an unidentified phenolic compound and nonanal. Without special precaution, the pulp composition evolved during storage and its quality was quickly degraded. The survey carried out showed that the fruit pulp of the baobab tree is mainly used for the development of ] for a volumetric reduction ratio ranging between 1 and 2. These low permeate fluxes compromise the potential of crossflow microfiltration for the stabilization of the nectar. Conclusion. In the future, from the point of view of a local production of nectar from the baobab tree fruit, research will have to be focused on the thermal stabilization of drinks.Senegal / Adansonia / fruit juices / keeping quality / pasteurizing / microfiltration Caractérisation du fruit du baobab et étude de sa transformation en nectar.Résumé --Introduction. Le baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) est un arbre qui pousse à l'état sauvage au Sénégal où le fruit est consommé sous différentes formes. Si l'écologie et la botanique de la plante ont été bien étudiées, les travaux portant sur la transformation du fruit ou sur l'impact des traitements de transformation sur la qualité des produits finis sont rares. Afin d'évaluer le potentiel technologique de ces fruits, en préalable au développement de leurs produits de transformation sur les marchés locaux, régionaux et internationaux, nous avons cherché à mieux caractériser la matière première (composition biochimique et qualité nut...

Adansonia digitata L. – A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology

“…However, the sweetness may vary for different types of pulp (Chadare et al, 2009). The low water content, strong acidity and high sugar content was confirmed by Cisse et al (2009). Proximate composition of the fruit pulp of baobab differs according to different literature sources (Nour et al, 1980;Becker, 1983;Arnold et al, 1985;Obizoba & Amaechi, 1993;Saka & Msonthi, 1994;Odetokun, 1996;Murray et al, 2001;Shukla et al, 2001;Osman, 2004) (Table I).…”

Biochemical characterization of juices from three wild fruit species consumed in Côte d’Ivoire "Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa and Tamarindus indica"

“…These low pH would be very beneficial for their conservation in the prevention of microorganisms. Baobab juice appeared to be the most acid with a pH closed to those of 3 and 3.06 reported in literature [24,25]. The pH of Néré juice is sensibly higher than that of 3 reported by Ouattara (2011) [12].…”

Évaluation de la production en fruits de peuplements naturels de Baobab (<i>Adansonia digitata</i> L.) dans deux zones climatiques au Sénégal

“…Au Sénégal, il fait partie de la liste des espèces prioritaires (Soloviev et al, 2004 ;Faye et al, 2010). L'espèce contribue de façon significative à la subsistance en milieu rural et à l'économie des populations locales et nationale (Codjia et al, 2001 ;Sidibé et Williams, 2002 ;Cissé et al, 2005 ;Assogbadjo et al, 2006, Sanogo et Tamba, 2012. L'autorisation, ces dernières années, de l'Union européenne d'incorporer la pulpe du fruit de baobab dans les boissons a donné une valeur économique accrue à l'espèce à l'échelle internationale.…”