Caractérisation phénotypique du néré (<i>Parkia biglobosa</i> (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don, Fabaceae) dans trois types de savane de Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Afin de préserver les nombreux biens et services fournis par Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don, Fabaceae, il est fondamental de connaître la variabilité phénotypique de l’espèce pour sa domestication. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer des caractères morphologiques permettant d’identifier des arbres-plus dans les savanes de Côte d’Ivoire. La variabilité phénotypique d’arbres distants d’au moins 100 m des trois types de savane a été étudiée à travers 22 caractères quantitatifs relatifs aux troncs, feuilles, fruits et graines. La matrice de données obtenue a été analysée avec différents tests tels que MANOVA suivie de ANOVA 1, AFD et la CAH. Les paramètres permettant de distinguer les arbres selon leur origine sont : hauteur totale d’arbre, épaisseur graine, poids de graine et pulpe par fruit, longueur du fruit, longueur et épaisseur du pédicelle, longueur et épaisseur du pédoncule. Les arbres en savane guinéenne ont de longs et épais pédoncules, des pédicelles épais et de longs fruits. Les arbres en savane sub-soudanaise sont hauts avec des graines et pédicelles épais, un poids de graine et de pulpe par fruit en moyenne élevé alors que les arbres en savane soudanaise sont hauts avec un long pédoncule.&#x0D; Mots clés: Parkia biglobosa, néré, variabilité phénotypique, conservation, savane.&#x0D; English Title: Phenotypical caracterization of african locust bean (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don, Fabaceae) from three savannahs types in Côte d’Ivoire&#x0D; To preserve goods and services provided by Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. ex G. Don, Fabaceae, it is essential to know the phenotypical variability of this species for domestication purpose. The objective of this study is to define morphological discriminant traits to identify tree-plus in the savannahs from Côte d'Ivoire. The phenotypical variability of trees distant at least 100 m from three types of savannah was studied through 22 quantitative traits related to trunks, leaves, fruits and seeds. Matrix data was analyzed with different tests such as MANOVA followed by ANOVA 1, AFD and CAH. Traits that allow distinguishing trees according to their origin are: total height, seed thickness, seed and pulp weight per fruit, fruit length, pedicel length and thickness, peduncle length and thickness. In the Guinean savannah, trees have long and thick peduncles, thick pedicels and long fruits. In Sub-Sudanese savannah, trees are tall with thick seeds and pedicels, high seeds and pulp weight per fruit while Sudanese savannah trees are tall with a long peduncle.&#x0D; Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, locust bean, phenotypical variability, conservation, savannah.

Leaf and fruit characteristics of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth according to agro climatic zones and land use in Southern Mali

“…The diversity within a species can be assessed through morphological and molecular traits (Ikabanga et al, 2017;Avana-Tientcheu et al, 2019). Phenotypic variability of a species could be assessed by identifying morphological descriptors and morphological data from geographical origins have been used in first studies of genetic diversity of tree species (Kouonon et al, 2020). According to Samim et al (2018), morphological descriptors are the basis for the characterization of plant genotypes on the basis of their phenotype.…”

“…Studies addressing morphological variability of species have concerned: Adansonia digitata in Mali and Benin (Assogbadjo, 2006;Kouyaté et al, 2011), Argania spinosa in the South-West Morocco (Zahidi et al, 2013), Sclerocarya birrea in Benin and in Burkina Faso (Bationo, 2008;Gouwakinnou, 2011), Prosopis africana in Benin (Houètchegnon et al, 2015), Vitellaria paradoxa in Mali (Kelly & Senou, 2017). Recent studies have been focused on the variability of morphological traits and to the identification of morphological descriptors of several tree species like Adansonia digitata (Bamba et al, 2019), Lophira lanceolata (Dicko et al, 2019;Lankoande et al, 2020), Pterocarpus erinaceus (Johnson et al, 2020), Parkia biglobosa (Avana-Tientcheu et al, 2019;Kouonon et al, 2020).…”

“…Assessment of the variation of the morphological traits of this species in relation to agro-climatic zones could contribute to this scientific information needed for a successful conservation strategy. Also, it is essential to know the phenotypical variability of this species for domestication purposes so that to preserve goods and services provided by P. biglobosa (Kouonon et al, 2020).…”

Manufacturing Technique and Nutritive Value of Soumbara (&lt;i&gt;Parkia biglobosa&lt;/i&gt; Seeds) and Dark Seed of Korhogo (C&#244;te d’Ivoire)

“…These useful spontaneous plants and wild fruit species contribute to the food security of rural populations and are the subject of a flourishing trade whose main actors are women [2]. Among the savanna trees of the Sudanian region, Parkia biglobosa, commonly known as the dwarf tree or African carob tree, has great socioeconomic importance throughout the West African region [3]. The pods of Parkia biglobosa are consumed for their mealy and sweet pulp, but mainly for their seeds which are rich in protein, lipids, carbohydrates and calcium.…”