Características morfofisiológicas de bananeiras ‘Grande Naine’ aclimatizadas em resposta a utilização de silício in vitro

Abstract

Pesquisas acerca das modificações estruturais e fisiológicas inerentes ao processo de aclimatização são fundamentais para compreender esta fase. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes fontes de silício no cultivo in vitro de bananeira 'Grande Naine' sobre características bioquímicas, fitotécnicas e ultraestruturais, durante o processo de aclimatização. Para tanto, brotos de bananeira já estabelecidos in vitro foram inoculados em meio Murashige & Skoog (MS), com adição de 30 g L-1 de sacarose, 1 mg L-1 de ANA (ácido naftalenoacético) e solidificado com 1,8 g L-1 de Phytagel TM. Foram testadas três fontes de silicato acrescidas ao meio MS, silicato de sódio, silicato de potássio e silicato de cálcio, na dosagem de 1 g L-1 e o meio MS sem silicato como testemunha. Decorridos 45 dias do enraizamento in vitro, as plantas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação por 60 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. O uso do silício no cultivo in vitro é benéfico por proporcionar melhor aparato fotossintético, maiores conteúdos de celulose e hemicelulose durante a aclimatização de plantas de bananeira. O processo de aclimatização é fundamental, pois proporciona aumento na camada de cera epicuticular em folhas de bananeira 'Grande Naine'.

Influence of silicon and in vitro culture systems on the micropropagation and acclimatization of “Dwarf Cavendish” banana

“…However, Si application resulted in increased root number (RN) and increased plant fresh weight (FW) of in vitro-derived banana plantlets under acclimatization (Table 4). These results are similar to those reported by Asmar et al (2013), where Si application promoted increased shoot fresh weight of acclimatized in vitro-derived banana plants when compared to those of the control (no Si). However, no difference was observed in root number (Asmar et al, 2013).…”

“…Silicon ( Asmar et al (2013) reported similar results in banana, with higher values for dry and fresh weight and PD when Si was added to the culture medium. Ziv (2010) reported similar results in sun star (Ornithogalum dubium), and the addition of silicon to the bioreactor liquid medium resulted in higher values for dry weight and the dry weight/fresh weight ratio.…”

“…Similar to the results obtained in our study, Sivanesan and Park (2014) and Rodrigues et al (2017) demonstrated that Si enhances the growth and development of several species, including an increase in the number of leaves and fresh weight of plants grown in vitro. Particularly for bananas, Si has been shown to increase the height, fresh and dry weight (Asmar et al, 2011), and increased pseudostem diameter (Asmar et al, 2013) of in vitro shoots. For the interaction between the culture system (semisolid and liquid TIS bioreactors) and Si, no significant differences were observed after 36 days of in vitro culture for growth characteristics, including PH, LN, RN, RL, PD, and FW.…”

Silicon Alleviates Temperature Stresses in Poinsettia by Regulating Stomata, Photosynthesis, and Oxidative Damages

“…Epicuticular wax plays an important role in modifying stomatal conductance, reflecting irradiation, and reducing water loss [61]. It has been reported that Si supplementation can increase epicuticular wax deposition in banana [62] and strawberry [63]. Moreover, Si-induced epicuticular wax deposition on leaves of wheat improved its ability to alleviate drought stresses [64].…”

Pineapple plantlets ‘Vitória’ fertilized with potassium chloride and silicic acid: growth and nutritional composition

“…The addition of appropriate doses of nutrients such as potassium and/or the application of silicon (Asmar et al, 2013) can provide promising results in the propagation of pineapple, since success has been reported when these nutrients are applied in isolation to other fruits (Barnes et al, 2009).…”