Self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning and suicide deaths are preventable and represent a serious public health problem worldwide. This study investigated selfinjuries and their recurrences by intentional drug self-poisoning and associated sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors, as well as suicide deaths by intentional drug self-poisoning and associated sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacological factors. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical and documentary study. It was carried out from secondary databases of the Notification of Injury Information System and Mortality Information System of the Health Secretariat of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This study included all registered cases of selfinjuries and suicide deaths of people aged above nine years, from July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, in all municipalities of the state of Mato Grosso. For data analysis, logistic regression models with random effects, based on Generalized Estimating Equations models, were developed using the software Statistical Analysis System 9.2. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. It was found that, during the study period, 1,507 self-injuries were reported, of which 27.34% were by intentional drug self-poisoning, with emphasis on the use of drugs that act on the Nervous System. The logistic regression model found a greater chance of self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning among people aged from 10 to 19 years and from 20 to 59 years, when compared to those over 60 years, women compared to men, white category compared to all other race categories, occurrence in urban areas compared to non-urban areas and occurrence at home compared to other places. It was observed a lower chance of self-injury by intentional drug self-poisoning among people suspected of using alcohol when compared to those without such suspicion. Of the 381 people with self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning in the first notification, nine of them had more than one self-injury by this method, with emphasis on the use of drugs that act on the Nervous System. In the logistic regression model to analyze the factors associated with recurrences of self-injury by intentional drug self-poisoning, none of the variables contributed significantly. Of the 412 cases of self-injury by intentional drug selfpoisoning, 13 people died by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning. In 11 of these cases, there was no information about the drug and, in two cases were used drugs that act on the Nervous System. In the logistic regression model, to analyze the factors associated with death by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning, there was a lower chance of death by suicide by intentional drug self-poisoning among people aged from 10 to 19 years and from 20 to 59 years, when compared to those over 60 years old. These findings provide important subsidies for strategies aimed at suicide prevention and self-injuries by intentional drug self-poisoning, as well as for the qualification of nursing care.