Caracterização de matérias primas para produção de biodiesel

Abstract

~][~] [/~][~] [/~] ResumoSegundo a Agência Nacional do Petróleo (ANP), o Brasil encontra-se entre os maiores produtores e consumidores de biodiesel do mundo, com uma produção anual de 2,9 bilhões de litros (2013) e uma capacidade instalada para cerca de 7,9 bilhões de litros. É um combustível renovável, utilizado em motores a diesel, e sua formação ocorre através da reação de transesterificação entre o óleo, álcool e catalisador. Neste trabalho foi analisado quatro amostras de óleo residual de fritura coletada em diferentes locais. Os parâmetros de densidade, índice de saponificação, umidade e viscosidade foram testados nas amostras. A densidade e índice de saponificação foram comparados com os parâmetros de óleo segundo a ANVISA, sendo que a densidade atendeu a especificações, diferente do índice de saponificação que apresentou resultados abaixo do esperado. De acordo com Barros, Wust e Meier (2008) o índice de umidade deve ser inferior a 0,5%, sendo assim nossos dados foram satisfatórios. Além disso, observou-se que a viscosidade do óleo de soja utilizado em frituras é maior que a viscosidade do óleo de soja in natura, o que pode ser explicado pela formação de polímeros durante o processo de degradação.Palavras chaves: Óleo de fritura, Transesterificação, Biodiesel. AbstractAccording to the National Petroleum Agency (ANP), Brazil is among the largest producers and world consumers of biodiesel, with an annual production of 2.9 billion liters (2013) and an installed capacity about 7.9 billion liters. It is a renewable fuel used in diesel engines, and its formation occurs through the transesterification reaction between the oil, alcohol and catalyst. In this study we analyzed samples from four residual oil frying collected at different sites. The density parameters, saponification index, humidity and viscosity were tested on the samples. The density and saponification value was compared with the oil parameters according to ANVISA, wherein the density met specifications, different from the saponification index that results presented below expectations. According to Barros, Wust and Meier (2008), the moisture content must be less than 0.5%, thus our data were satisfactory. Furthermore, it was observed that the viscosity of the soybean oil used for frying is greater than the viscosity of soybean oil in nature, which can be explained by the formation of polymers during the degradation process.

Oil Quality and Yield of Different Carthamus tinctorius Cultivars: Promising Oilseeds for Biodiesel in Semi‐Arid Regions

“…These indices minimize undesired reactions, such as saponification promoted by the basic catalyst medium during the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production (Oliveira et al, 2012). However, high AI indicates that the degree of oil degradation (Greggio and Bonini, 2014) would be related to the formation of soap and decrease in the yield of oil conversion reactions into biodiesel (Giacomin et al, 2017). De‐Oliveira et al (2015) highlights that biodiesel has a chemical nature of acidity parameters that are associated with the chemical nature of the vegetable oil it originated from.…”

“…SI is another parameter that demonstrates the quality of vegetable oil, as it indicates the increase in emulsification between esters and glycerol, i.e., between biodiesel and glycerin (Giacomin et al, 2017). The IMAMT 1750, IMAMT 946, and IMAMT 894 safflower genotypes presented an SI of 164.27 mg NaOH g −1 oil; 174.53 mg NaOH g −1 oil and 186.36 mg NaOH g −1 oil, respectively.…”

“…Unsaturated fatty acids were also found in Jatropha curcas oil at percentages of 78.5% (Akbar et al, 2009), further indicating the potential for biodiesel production. Such oils and fats indicated for biodiesel production should have oils composed of triacylglycerols (Giacomin et al, 2017).…”