Caracterização morfoanatômica de Ageratum fastigiatum (Asteraceae)

Abstract

RESUMO:Ageratum fastigiatum (Gardn.) R. M. King et H. Rob. (Asteraceae), conhecido como "matapasto", é uma planta usada na medicina popular como cicatrizante e antimicrobiano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar caracterização morfoanatômica da folha, dos ramos e da raiz de A. fastigiatum. Secções transversais e paradérmicas, coradas com safranina/azul de astra e azul de toluidina foram analisadas ao microscópio. As folhas são alternas ou fasciculadas; a infl orescência é constituída de capítulos; as fl ores com corola lilás; ausência de pápus. A raiz apresenta crescimento secundário na zona de ramifi cação com estruturas secretoras. O caule possui epiderme uniestratifi cada, estômatos, tricomas tectores simples e tricomas glandulares capitados. O pecíolo exibe contorno côncavo-convexo e a epiderme é unisseriada. A lâmina foliar é anfi estomática e o mesófi lo dorsiventral. A epiderme possui células de contorno sinuoso e os estômatos são do tipo anomocítico. Os caracteres morfoanatômicos permitiram estabelecer parâmetros para identifi cação do A. fastigiatum. Unitermos:Ageratum fastigiatum, aspectos estruturais, órgãos vegetativos.ABSTRACT: "Morpho-anatomical characterization of Ageratum fastigiatum (Asteraceae)". Ageratum fastigiatum (Gardn.) R. M. King et H. Rob. (Asteraceae), known as "matapasto", is a plant used in the popular medicine as cicatrizant and antimicrobial. The aim of this work was to perform a morpho-anatomical characterization of the leaves, the stems and the roots from A. fastigiatum. Transversal and paradermic sections, stained with astra safranin/blue and toluidine blue were analyzed under a microscope. The leaves are alternate or fasciculate; the infl orescence is constituted of chapters; the fl owers with lilac corolla; papus is absence. The root presents secondary growth in the ramifi cation area with secretor structures. The stem possesses epidermis unistratifi ed, stomata, simple non-glandular trichomes and capitates glandular trichomes. The petiole exhibits concave-convex outline and the epidermis is uniseriate. The blade leaf is hypostomatic; the mesophyll is dorsiventral. The epidermis possesses cells of sinuous outline and the stomata of the anomocytic type. The morpho-anatomical characters allowed establishing parameters for identifi cation of A. fastigiatum.

Contribution for the phytochemical studies of Ageratum fastigiatum

“…When the our results are compared with previous studies it can be verified the qualitative and quantitative differences in the chemical composition of different tissues (Koketsu et al, 1997;Botrel et al, 2009;Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2009b). In the specific case of essential oil of leaf origin, the yield obtained in our work is low when compared to other studies, that presented yields between 0.40 to 1.20%, also using hydrodistillation as extractive procedure (Del-VechioVieira et al, 2009a;Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2009b). However, the variations observed among the yields might have happened because the different population and geographical origins (the vegetable was collected in São João del Rei-MG, in previous researches) and different collection periods (month and year) of materials vegetables.…”

“…However, qualitative differences among the minor constituents of essential oils can be observed: linalool, lavandulol, α-terpinyl acetate, α-muurolene, α-amorphene and allo-aromadendrene epoxide in essential oil of inflorescences, not detected in the leaves; and, the germacrene A, only observed in the essential oil of the leaves. When the our results are compared with previous studies it can be verified the qualitative and quantitative differences in the chemical composition of different tissues (Koketsu et al, 1997;Botrel et al, 2009;Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2009b). In the specific case of essential oil of leaf origin, the yield obtained in our work is low when compared to other studies, that presented yields between 0.40 to 1.20%, also using hydrodistillation as extractive procedure (Del-VechioVieira et al, 2009a;Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2009b).…”

“…The plant is used in popular medicine of several regions known as "matapasto" (Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2008). In Diamantina is also denominated "enxota" by the healers who prepare extract using leaves and branches (with or without inflorescences) fresh crushed or torn and submitted to maceration with water for some hours.…”

“…Those variations in secondary metabolites are influenced by intrinsic factors (genetics, development, growth, vegetable organ) and extrinsic (atmospheric conditions, geographic region, soil type, presence of predators or pathogens, among other environmental factors) to plants Castro et al, 2004;Gobbo-Neto & Lopes, 2007). Studies on the biological potential of essential oils and polar extracts of A. fastigiatum revealed antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities (Del-VechioVieira et al, 2007;Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2009a;Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2009b). In spite of other published works, variations in metabolism reported in these researches, and because it is a medicinal plant, stimulate the restudy of the chemical composition of A. fastigiatum, collected in Diamantina region.…”

Caracterização farmacognóstica das folhas e sementes de Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (Fabaceae)

“…O controle de qualidade de plantas medicinais deve ser realizado e envolve análise sensorial macro e microscópica como primeira etapa para estabelecer a identificação e o grau de pureza da amostra analisada seguida de uma análise físico-química (Choi et al, 2002;Donato & Morretes, 2007;Marques et al, 2007;Barros & Teixeira, 2008;Budel & Duarte, 2008;Chaves & Costa, 2008;Del-Vechio-Vieira et al, 2008;Empinotti & Duarte, 2008;Paula et al, 2008;Marques et al, 2008;Mauro et al, 2008;Porto et al, 2008;Bueno & Bastos, 2009;Carpano et al, 2009;Gette et al, 2009;Gomes et al, 2009;. Requerimentos para segurança e eficácia do uso de produtos vegetais têm sido demonstrados (Bast et al, 2002;Silveira et al, 2008;Nascimento et al, 2009).…”