Caracterización de la transmisión de la malaria por Plasmodium vivax en la región fronteriza de Panamá con Costa Rica en el municipio de Barú, Panamá

Abstract

Contribución de los autores:Todos los autores contribuyeron en la redacción y corrección del manuscrito, análisis e interpretación de los datos, verificación de referencias bibliográficas, observaciones y revisión crítica del mismo. ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Biomédica 2012;32:557-69 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i4.773 Caracterización de la transmisión de la malaria por Plasmodium vivax en la región fronteriza de Panamá con Costa Rica en el municipio de Barú, Panamá Characterization of Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission at the border of Panamá and Costa RicaIntroduction. Few studies have described the factors associated with Plasmodium vivax transmission dynamics in endemic regions from Panamá. Objective. Malaria transmission dynamics produced by P. vivax were characterized at the border between Panamá and Costa Rica. Materials and methods. In the municipality of Barú, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was undertaken to measure the annual parasite index (API), slide positivity index (SPR), and the annual blood examination rate (ABER). The most frequent symptoms and signs in malaria patients were recorded. The anopheline species were identified in the area and the preferred larval habitats, the density of larval populations in the larval habitats and the bites/human/night were characterized. Results. Of a total of 10,401 thick smear blood samples, 83 were positive for P. vivax. Of these, 84% came from rural areas and 79% were from economically active individuals. The median and average ages were 36 and 30 years, respectively, and 58.5% of the malaria cases were male. API was 4.1/1,000 inhabitants; SPR was 0.8% and ABER was 51.9%. Of the diagnosed cases, 54% showed blood parasitemias ranging between 100-2,000 parasites/µl. The majority of the cases were observed in May and June. Two mosquito vector species were identified--Anopheles albimanus and An. punctimacula. Conclusion. These observations indicate the advisibility of continued entomological studies, strengthening of epidemiological surveillance, consideration of additional risk factors and evaluation

Severe and benign Plasmodium vivax malaria in Emberá (Amerindian) children and adolescents from an endemic municipality in Western Colombia

“…In this series, although the frequency was low, the number of mixed malaria cases (due to P. vivax and P. falciparum, 5.4%) was quite high compared to other studies in Latin America, which usually have reported less than 2% [7,[26][27][28]. However, the mixed malaria cases were those that most frequently presented complications and required the patient to be hospitalized in this study (crude OR = 5.535; 95%CI 1.81-16.9).…”

Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la malaria en la población indígena guna de la Comarca de Madungandi, Panamá, 2012

“…Estas zonas endémicas se localizan en las cercanías de las regiones fronterizas de Panamá con Costa Rica y Colombia (6 (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013), en estas regiones endémicas que ocupan el 38,6 % del territorio nacional y tienen una población de 858.121 habitantes (7), se registraron 3.099 casos de malaria, con un promedio anual de 620 casos. Durante este periodo la incidencia parasitaria anual promedio fue de 0,2 por 1.000 habitantes, el índice de láminas positivas fue de 0,5 %, el índice anual de exámenes de sangre fue de 3,6 %, la tasa de morbilidad promedio fue de 17,2 por 1.000 habitantes, y no se registraron muertes; el 99 % de los casos fueron por P. vivax (4).…”

“…Durante este periodo la incidencia parasitaria anual promedio fue de 0,2 por 1.000 habitantes, el índice de láminas positivas fue de 0,5 %, el índice anual de exámenes de sangre fue de 3,6 %, la tasa de morbilidad promedio fue de 17,2 por 1.000 habitantes, y no se registraron muertes; el 99 % de los casos fueron por P. vivax (4). Anopheles albimanus es considerado como el principal vector del paludismo en el país (6,8).…”

Social representations of malaria in the Guna indigenous population of Comarca Guna de Madungandi, Panama

“…P. vivax generates more than 90% of the cases, with periodic outbursts of Plasmodium falciparum , mainly from cases imported from other countries [22]. In the indigenous regions, more than 85% of cases are diagnosed at the national level, representing 12% of the total population of the country [22]. Malaria is a challenge for public health professionals due to high level of mortality and morbidity in this area of the Americas [23].…”

“…Nevertheless, 78% perform traditional practices such as ‘Smoking of the Pipe’ and ‘Burning of the Cocoa and Pepper’ to prevent malaria [34]. Other indigenous groups of the country have specialists divided into several disciplines that are in charge of curing diseases through a direct relation with the spirits [22]. …”