Carbendazim sensitivity in populations of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex infecting strawberry and yams in Hubei Province of China

Abstract

The ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a devastating plant pathogen with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Carbendazim has been widely used to control anthracnose caused by the C. gloeosporioides complex in China for more than 30 years and resistance to carbendazim has been reported in China. A total of 125 Colletotrichum isolates of strawberry and yam were collected from different geographical regions in Hubei Province, China. Approximately 52.8% of Colletotrichum spp. isolates showed resistance to carbendazim. The isolates tested in this study belong to four species, and the frequencies of resistant isolates differed across Colletotrichum species. Resistant isolates were found in C. siamense and C. fructicola. In contrast, all isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. aenigma were sensitive to carbendazim. Highly carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the E198A mutation in the β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) gene, whereas moderately carbendazim-resistant isolates harbored the F200Y mutation in the TUB2 gene. Carbendazim-sensitive Colletotrichum isolates in this study were not genetically similar enough to form a separate cluster from resistant isolates. The result of this study emphasizes the importance of knowing which Colletotrichum sp. is present, when strategies for disease control are made.

Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola

“…With this respect, isolates of C. fructicola from apple orchards in Japan were found to develop resistance to benomyl and QoI (quinone outside inhibitors) fungicides at a more rapid pace compared to other anamorphic species of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex, such as C. siamense (Yokosawa et al., 2017 ). Out of 125 Colletotrichum isolates from strawberry and yam sampled from 2012 through 2016 in the Hubei Province (China), 56 were identified as C. fructicola and tested for resistance to carbendazim: the number of sensitive, moderately resistant and highly resistant isolates was 38, 3 and 15, respectively (Han et al., 2018 ).…”

Efecto in vitro de fungicidas para el control de Colletotrichum SPP., en frutales Manabí - Ecuador

“…& Sacc. en fresa (Fragaria ananassa), donde 52,8% de los aislados presentaron resistencia en relación al fungicida, y esto tendría relación con mutaciones en varios loci del gen de la beta-tubulina 2 (TUB2), como lo indica Han et al (2018). Mutaciones en el mismo gen, en el codón 198, definen la resistencia de C. gloesporiodes causante de antracnosis en Mangifera indica L. a carbendazim Kongtragoul, et al, (2011), y en el gen de beta tubulina 1 de varios aislados de C. acutatum a benomil (Nakaune y Nakano, 2007).…”

Encapsulation of wild oregano, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, phenolic extract in baker's yeast for the postharvest control of anthracnose in papaya

“…to carbendazim. 3 Thus, there is a need to explore safer, environmentally friendly, and relatively inexpensive alternatives to synthetic fungicides. The search for new compounds is geared towards the utilization of natural compounds or those that can be extracted from natural sources, such as bacteria and plants.…”

“…Another major concern with regard to the use of synthetic fungicides is the development of pathogen resistance that renders these chemicals ineffective over time, as in the case of resistance of Colletotrichum spp. to carbendazim 3 . Thus, there is a need to explore safer, environmentally friendly, and relatively inexpensive alternatives to synthetic fungicides.…”